Cystatin C Induces Insulin Resistance in Hippocampal Neurons and Promotes Cognitive Dysfunction in R

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Dear Editor,rnCognitive impairment is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) and Parkinson\'s disease.Growing evidence has demonstrated that cognitive impairment is closely associated with insulin resistance.For instance,the risk of AD is increased in diabetic patients [1].Moreover,cognitively impaired persons exhibit high levels of fasting glucose and fasting insulin,elevated Homeostasis Model Assessment,an impaired insulin response to glucose,and increased frequency of diabetes.In accord with this,intranasal insulin administration greatly improves the delayed memory and caregiver-rated functional ability of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment or AD [2].
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