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[问题1答案]:a [注解]对于小儿血液改变的解释应充分理解因发育所致的年龄差。出生时HbF占总Hb的60～90％,而后急剧减少,到4个月时降至20％以下,1岁时为2％以下(成人值)有时也可达5～10％,但20％应视为异常值,一般发育越不成熟HbF值越高。有核红细胞在出生时几乎在外周血均可见到,成熟儿占白细胞数的3％,未熟儿占6～9％,但此后急剧减少,生后1周的成熟儿几乎见不到。因新生儿的肝脏不能立即发挥功能作用,故最初2～3日维生素K依赖性凝血因子(凝血酶原,因子Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ)减少,严重时有新生儿黑粪症。但血小板数,因子Ⅴ、Ⅷ和纤维蛋白原量正常,因而在健康新生儿可有凝血酶原时间延长,但纤维蛋白原减少则是异常的。
[Answer 1]: a [Annotation] For the interpretation of blood changes in children should fully understand the development due to the age difference. HbF at birth accounts for 60-90% of total Hb and then drastically decreases to less than 20% at 4 months, sometimes below 2% at 1 year of age (adult values) sometimes up to 5-10%, but 20% Should be considered as abnormal values, the general development of more immature HbF value is higher. The nucleated red blood cells are almost visible in the peripheral blood at birth. The mature children account for 3% of the white blood cells and 6-9% of the infants, but the sharp decrease thereafter. Due to the neonatal liver can not immediately play a functional role, so the first 2 to 3 vitamin K-dependent clotting factor (prothrombin, factor Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ) decreased, severe neonatal black fecal disease. However, platelets, factors â ... §, â ... § and fibrinogen normal, so healthy newborn may have prothrombin time, but reduced fibrinogen is abnormal.