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目的了解云浮市禽类规模养殖场和活禽市场外环境中禽流感病毒的分布情况,为防控人感染高致病性禽流感提供科学依据。方法在监测点内采集相应的外环境标本,采用荧光定量PCR方法检测Flu A、H5、H7和H9病毒核酸。结果 2013年全年共采集有效标本234份,A型阳性42份,总阳性率为18.0%(42/234);其中A(H5)5份(11.9%),A(H9)22份(52.4%),未分型15份(35.7%),A(H7)未检出。234份有效标本中,来自家禽规模养殖场107份,未检出A型阳性;来自城乡活禽市场127份,A型阳性42份,阳性率为33.1%(42/127),两类监测点标本阳性率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=43.1,P<0.01)。除禽类饮水标本外,5种类型标本(宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面的擦拭标本、笼具表面擦拭物、清洗禽类的污水、粪便)阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.85,P<0.05)。有采样的月份均可检出A型阳性,一、三、四季度阳性检出率相当,二季度最低。结论云浮市外环境存在禽流感病毒污染,H9亚型是主要的病原体,同时存在H5和其他亚型禽流感病毒污染,活禽市场是人感染高致病性禽流感的高风险场所。
Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza virus in poultry scale farms and live poultry market outside Yunfu and provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling human infection with HPAI. Methods The corresponding external environment samples were collected at the monitoring sites and the Flu A, H5, H7 and H9 viral nucleic acids were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results A total of 234 valid samples were collected in 2013, 42 of which were positive for type A, with a positive rate of 18.0% (42/234). Among them, 5 (11.9%) were A (H5), 22 %), 15 (35.7%) were not classified and A (H7) were not detected. Of the 234 valid samples, 107 were from poultry-sized farms and no positive for type A were detected. Of the 127 samples from urban and rural live poultry, 42 were positive for type A, the positive rate was 33.1% (42/127) The positive rate of specimens was statistically significant (χ2 = 43.1, P <0.01). Except for the samples of drinking water from birds, there were significant differences in the positive rates of 5 types of specimens (wiping specimens on the surface of the slaughtered or placed poultry meat dishes, surface wiping cage, sewage water for cleaning birds, and stool) (χ2 = 7.85, P < 0.05). A positive sampling month can be detected positive, one, three, four seasons the positive detection rate was the lowest in the second quarter. Conclusion The outbreak of avian influenza virus in the environment outside Yunfu city exists. The H9 subtype is the main pathogen. There is also contamination of H5 and other subtype avian influenza viruses. The live poultry market is a high risk place for people infected with HPAI.