目的探讨小儿肾病综合征（ＮＳ）的预后及有关因素。方法对７２例小儿ＮＳ患儿作中、长期随访，其中１６例随访１０年，４９例随访５年，７２例随访３年。结果３组的完全缓解率分别为７５％、８４％及７９％。基本痊愈率在５年组为４９％，１０年组为６９％。死亡３例。结论肾小球的组织学改变与预后有关。小儿ＮＳ总的预后较好；微小病变、膜性肾病的预后较局灶硬化、弥漫性硬化及膜增殖型要好；轻、中度系膜增殖型预后好，严重增殖者预后较差。延长激素疗程，缓慢停药可增加缓解率，减少反复 Objective To investigate the prognosis and related factors of pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS). Methods A total of 72 pediatric patients with NS were followed up for a long term. Of them, 16 were followed up for 10 years, 49 were followed up for 5 years and 72 were followed up for 3 years. Results The complete remission rates of the three groups were 75%, 84% and 79%, respectively. The basic cure rate was 49% in the 5-year group and 69% in the 10-year group. 3 died. Conclusion The histological changes of glomeruli are related to the prognosis. The overall prognosis of children with NS is better; micro-lesion, membranous nephropathy prognosis than focal sclerosis, diffuse sclerosis and membrane proliferative type is better; light, moderate mesangial proliferative prognosis is good, severe prognosis worse prognosis. Extend the hormone therapy, slow withdrawal can increase the remission rate and reduce repetition