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目的:探讨长期递增负荷运动对骨代谢影响的可能机制。方法:将动情周期规律的3月龄雌性大鼠随机分为8组,分组进行2、4、6、8、9、11、13、15周的递增负荷运动,并设立同期对照组和基础对照组。在造模过程中监控体重、体成分、阴道脱落细胞、血生化及骨密度等指标的变化。所有大鼠被处死前13、14天皮下注射盐酸四环素25 mg/kg各1次,于处死前3、4天注射钙黄绿素5 mg/kg各1次,两次荧光标记间隔10天。实验结束后,取大鼠右侧胫骨上段制成不脱钙骨切片,测定骨组织形态计量学指标。结果:①持续15周的递增负荷跑台运动中,大鼠全身骨密度(BMD)先上升后下降,至15周运动结束降至最低点。②大鼠胫骨上段骨组织形态计量学静态参数表现为骨小梁面积百分数(%Tb.Ar)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)先轻微上升后下降,呈近似倒“V”形变化,峰值出现在T11组;骨小梁数量(Tb.N)随运动负荷增加逐渐降低;骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)前期持平,T11组～T15组明显增加。③动态参数和细胞参数表现为骨形成参数(标记周长百分数%L.Pm、矿化沉积率、骨面积水平骨形成率BFR/BS、骨体积水平骨形成率BFR/BV、单位骨小梁面积成骨细胞数Ob.N和成骨细胞周长百分数Ob.Pm%)和骨吸收参数(单位骨小梁面积破骨细胞数Oc.N和破骨细胞周长百分数Oc.Pm%)呈先下降后上升的“V”形变化,T11组达最低点。结论:持续15周递增负荷跑台运动对大鼠骨组织形态计量学参数及BMD有明显影响,过量负荷运动均明显加剧骨吸收和骨形成,但骨吸收大于骨形成,骨量降低,骨代谢呈高转换状态。
Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of long-term increased load exercise on bone metabolism. Methods: The 3-month-old female rats with estrous cycle regularity were randomly divided into 8 groups, and the rats were divided into 2 groups. The rats were divided into 2 groups: control group, control group and control group group. In the modeling process to monitor body weight, body composition, vaginal exfoliated cells, blood biochemical and bone mineral density and other indicators of change. All rats were subcutaneously injected with tetracycline hydrochloride (25 mg / kg) one time before and 13th day before sacrifice. Each calcein 5 mg / kg was injected once or three days before sacrifice for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, the upper right tibia of rats was made into non-decalcified bone slices, and the bone histomorphometry was measured. Results: ① In 15-week incremental treadmill exercise, BMD of rats increased first and then decreased, and reached the lowest point after 15 weeks of exercise ended. ② The histomorphometric parameters of the upper tibia in rats showed that the percentage of trabecular area (% Tb.Ar) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) increased slightly and then decreased, which was similar to “V” shape T11 group; the number of trabecular bone (Tb.N) decreased gradually with the increase of exercise load; the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) kept unchanged in the early period and increased significantly in T11 group ~ T15 group. ③ Dynamic parameters and cell parameters showed bone formation parameters (percentage of labeled perimeter% L.Pm, mineralization deposition rate, bone formation rate of bone formation rate BFR / BS, volume of bone formation rate of bone BFR / BV, unit trabecular bone The area of osteoblast number Ob.N and the percentage of osteoblast perimeter Ob.Pm%) and bone resorption parameters (the number of trabecular bone area osteoclast number Oc.N and the percentage of osteoclast perimeter Oc.Pm%) were After the first decline in the rise of “V” -shaped changes, T11 group reached the lowest point. CONCLUSION: Treadmill exercise increased with increasing treadmill load over 15 weeks significantly affected the bone histomorphometry parameters and BMD of rats. Excessive exercise significantly increased bone resorption and bone formation, but bone resorption was greater than bone formation, bone mass loss, bone metabolism High conversion state.