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【目的】对鱼眼草进行生药学鉴别,总结鱼眼草的鉴别特征,为该药的深入研究及开发奠定基础。【方法】采用原植物鉴别、显微鉴别等方法观察鱼眼草的整体植株形态。【结果】原植物形态特征:鱼眼草全身被绒毛;根为直根系;叶互生,叶长卵形、羽状深裂或全裂;花小,成头状花序,头状花序再排成伞房状,外数层白色雌花,内数层黄绿色两性花。显微结构特征:根的维管束宽广,外围可见中柱鞘纤维成束;茎的维管束8~25个环列,外侧可见中柱鞘纤维,髓部宽广,可见环髓纤维;叶的上下表皮均有气孔和非腺毛;叶主脉维管束外韧型,上下两侧均有纤维;粉末中可见非腺毛、淀粉粒、纤维、花粉粒、导管等。【结论】上述的鉴别特征稳定、可靠,可用于鱼眼草生药学的鉴别。
【Objective】 The pharmacognosy identification of Fisheyes gramineus was carried out, and the distinguishing characteristics of Fisheyes gramineus were summarized, which lays the foundation for the further research and development of this herb. 【Method】 The whole plant morphology was observed by means of original plant identification and microscopic identification. 【Result】 The morphological characteristics of the original plants: The whole body of the fisheye grass was downy; the roots were straight roots; the leaves alternate; the leaves were long-ovate, split or pinnately; flowers small, into flower heads, Corylus-shaped, several layers of white female flowers, the number of layers of yellow-green bisexual flowers. Microstructural features: The vascular bundle of the root is broad, and the columnar sheath fibers are bundles in the periphery. The vascular bundles of the stems are 8-25 ring rows, and the columnar sheath fibers are visible on the outer side. The medulla is broad and shows the medullary fibers. The epidermis has stomata and non-glandular hairs. The main veins outside the main veins are fibrous, with fibers on the upper and lower sides. Non-glandular trichomes, starch granules, fibers, pollen grains and catheters can be seen in the powder. 【Conclusion】 The above identification features are stable and reliable, and can be used for the identification of herbivores in fish eyes.