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土壤侵蚀危险性分级是研究土壤侵蚀危险程度的重要方法。为了探索更加符合实际的土壤侵蚀及其危害程度分级方法,依据水利部土壤侵蚀分级标准和水利部科考成果,对南方红壤科考区的土壤侵蚀强度和土壤侵蚀潜在危险性及其所处流域主要湖泊泥沙输比(SDR)进行分级。结果表明,科考区内轻度、中度、强度和极强度侵蚀均存在。中度侵蚀和强度侵蚀为主要侵蚀类型,占总侵蚀类型的84%。轻度和极强度侵蚀占16%。潜在危险性分级中,无险型、轻险型、危险型和极险型均存在,轻险和危险为主要类型,占总潜在危险类型的84%,无险和极险类型占16%。土壤侵蚀对异地的危害比较大,60%的湖泊SDR>0.5,其上游土壤侵蚀对异地是危险甚至极险的。研究结果可为红壤全区土壤侵蚀分级和治理工作提供参考。
Soil erosion risk classification is an important method to study the degree of soil erosion risk. In order to explore a more realistic method of grading soil erosion and its damage degree, according to the classification standard of soil erosion and the achievements of the Ministry of Water Conservancy, the potential risk of soil erosion and soil erosion and its main Lake Sediment Transport Ratio (SDR) is graded. The results show that there are some mild, moderate, intense and extreme erosion in the test area. Moderate erosion and intense erosion are the main types of erosion, accounting for 84% of the total erosion types. Mild and extreme erosion accounted for 16%. In the potential hazard classification, no risk type, light risk type, dangerous type and extreme risk type are all present. Light risk and risk are the main types, accounting for 84% of the total potential hazard type and 16% for the non-risk and extreme risk types. Soil erosion is more harmful to different places. 60% of the lakes have an SDR> 0.5, and the soil erosion in the upper reaches is dangerous or even extremely dangerous to other places. The results can provide a reference for soil erosion classification and management in red soil region.