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目的研究乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染经精子传播的可能性。方法检测慢性乙型肝炎（乙肝）患者精子中的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ（地高辛配基标记探针原位杂交及３２Ｐ标记探针Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ吸印杂交法）；并用正常人精子进行ＨＢＶＤＮＡ俘获试验；对引产胎儿标本进行ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｃＡｇ（ＡＢＣ免疫组化法）及ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的检测。结果在２２例慢性乙肝患者精子标本中，３例检出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，分布于精子的膜部和核心部。对母亲无ＨＢＶ感染、父亲为慢性ＨＢＶ感染者的４例胎儿的检测表明，在１例胎儿的肝、小肠、肾、肺、骨骼肌中检出了３．２ｋｂ的游离型ＨＢＶＤＮＡ及ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｃＡｇ的表达；该胎儿的父亲精子亦检出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ。体外试验表明正常人活精子能俘获ＨＢＶＤＮＡ，被俘获的ＨＢＶＤＮＡ在精子内的分布位置与乙肝患者精子相同。结论乙肝病毒可能通过感染精子垂直传播，精子被感染的机制涉及对ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的主动性捕获
Objective To study the possibility of sperm transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods HBVDNA in sperm of patients with chronic hepatitis B (hepatitis B) was detected by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled probe and Southern blot hybridization with 32P-labeled probe. HBsAg capture test was carried out in normal human spermatozoa. Specimens were tested for HBsAg, HBcAg (ABC immunohistochemistry) and HBVDNA. Results In 22 cases of chronic hepatitis B patients with sperm samples, 3 cases were detected HBVDNA, distributed in the sperm membrane and core. Detection of 4 fetuses without HBV infection and with chronic HBV infection in their mothers revealed that 3.2kb of free HBVDNA and HBsAg, HBcAg were detected in the liver, small intestine, kidney, lung and skeletal muscle of 1 fetus The fetus’s father’s sperm also detected HBVDNA. In vitro tests show that normal human live sperm can capture HBVDNA, captured HBVDNA sperm distribution within the sperm and hepatitis B patients the same. Conclusion Hepatitis B virus may be transmitted vertically by infected sperm and the mechanism of sperm infection is related to the active capture of HBVDNA