一、欧美生态文学批评的内涵20世纪70年代开始,欧美文学研究出现了趋于走出文本解读的纯粹理论研究的范式。人类自身生存环境的每况愈下使人们不得不开始从新的哲学角度去审视人类与自然的关系。最早提出“文学生态学”概念的学者是约瑟夫·米克,1972年他在《生存的喜剧:文学生态学研究》中提出应“对 I. The Connotation of European and American Ecological Literary Criticism From the 1970s onward, European and American literary studies emerged as a paradigm of pure theoretical research going beyond textual interpretation. The deterioration of mankind’s own living environment has forced people to begin to examine the relationship between mankind and nature from a new philosophical point of view. The earliest proponent of the concept of ”literary ecology“ was Joseph Mick. In 1972, he proposed in his book ”Living Comedy: Literary Ecology"