奶幼儿体液调节机能,特别是肾功能发育不成熟,暑热时容易发生水电解质紊乱。作者就夏季小儿水电解质代谢探讨如下: 1.小儿的体液生理特点:小儿容易发生体液代谢紊乱,这在很大程度上由于小儿体液生理特殊性而决定的:新生儿水分占体重的80%,从乳婴期到成人水分比例减少20%以上,婴儿每天水分出入量,每公斤体重是成人的二倍以上。水分摄入量如受暑热,感染等刺激则容易减少,婴幼儿肾功能发育不成熟。尿最大渗透压仅为成人的50%,约1.5～2岁后才能达到成人值。2.夏季小儿水电解质代谢:夏季的高温环境,对小儿的水电解质代谢的影响很大:1.水分丧失的增加,由呼吸增加的水分在基础状态下只不过占不显性失水的1/3,但暑热时显著增多。有人报告:暑热环境下为基础状态的4倍。当外界温度大于34℃时,全身大部分散热都以皮肤的蒸发方式进行。也有人报告,暑热时,腹泻婴儿,由于多汗而丧失的水分,平均为 Body fluid regulating function of infant milk, especially immature renal function, prone to water and electrolyte disorders during summer heat. The author on the summer pediatric water electrolyte metabolism as follows: 1. Children’s physical characteristics of body fluids: Pediatric prone to metabolic disorders of body fluids, which is largely due to the particularity of children’s body fluids and physiological decisions: the newborn’s water accounts for 80% of body weight, The proportion of water from infant to adult is reduced by more than 20%. Infants’ daily intake of water is more than twice that of adults per kilogram of body weight. Moisture intake such as heat, infection and other stimuli are easily reduced, infant kidney function immature. Urine maximum osmotic pressure is only 50% of adults, about 1.5 to 2 years old to reach adult values. 2. Summer water and electrolyte metabolism in children: the high temperature environment in summer, the water and electrolyte metabolism in children have a great impact: 1. Increased water loss, increased by the respiration of water in the basal state, only accounted for non-significant loss of water 1 / 3, but significantly increased when the heat. It was reported: 4 times under the summer heat-based state. When the outside temperature is greater than 34 ℃, the body most of the heat are evaporation of the skin. It was also reported that when the heat, diarrhea infants, due to sweating and loss of water, on average