用以解释一国或地区财富分配状况与社会稳定之间关系的基尼指数在用于理解中国社会状况时遇到困难。巨大的贫富差距并未按照基尼系数理论引发社会动乱。本文将从城乡差异、中国中产阶级的缺失和儒家文化传统为主要原因分析基尼系数在中国失灵的原因,并提出可能的改进方法。最终,能让舶来的理论与中国的实际结合,为中国的社会稳定起到有理性和预见性的指导作用。 The Gini index, which explains the relationship between the distribution of wealth in a country or region and social stability, has encountered difficulties in understanding the social conditions in China. The huge gap between rich and poor did not trigger social unrest according to the Gini coefficient theory. This paper analyzes the reasons for the failure of Gini coefficient in China from the differences between urban and rural areas, the absence of middle class in China and the Confucian cultural traditions, and puts forward some possible ways to improve it. In the end, the practical combination of the theory with China and China will play a rational and predictive guiding role in China’s social stability.