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目的探讨镉暴露对女性骨密度的远期影响。方法以居住在某镉冶炼厂环境污染区附近的女性居民为研究对象,在停止食用当地高镉含量大米10年后,开展镉暴露减少后的远期影响调查,根据调查对象与冶炼厂距离及大米镉含量,分为重污染区155人及中污染区107人;另选择距离冶炼厂40 km以及在生活习惯、社会经济状况相似的无镉污染地区居民70人作为对照组。所有参与者进行问卷调查,采用p DEXA测定参与者左前臂骨密度,并收集尿样检测尿镉含量。结果镉暴露减少10年后对照区、中污染区和重污染区居民尿镉水平分别为(2.61±1.28)、(5.17±3.35)和(12.20±7.63)μg/g肌酐,污染区居民尿镉水平明显高于对照区(P<0.05)。所有研究对象的各部位骨密度都随年龄的增高而降低,尿镉≥5μg/g肌酐的60岁~和70岁~人群的近端桡骨+尺骨及近端桡骨骨密度明显低于尿镉<5μg/g肌酐的同年龄组人群(P<0.05)。结论镉暴露减少后,污染区女性骨密度仍低于正常人群,应关注镉接触减少后对女性骨骼的影响。
Objective To investigate the long-term effect of cadmium exposure on female bone mineral density. Methods Taking the female residents living in the vicinity of the environmental pollution area of a cadmium smelter as the research object, 10 years after the high-cadmium content rice was stopped, a long-term impact investigation after the cadmium exposure reduction was carried out. According to the distance between the surveyed object and the smelter and The cadmium content of rice was divided into 155 heavily polluted areas and 107 polluted areas. Another 70 residents from 40 km of smelters and cadmium-free polluted areas with similar living and social economic conditions were selected as the control group. All participants conducted a questionnaire survey, using p DEXA to measure participants’ left forearm bone mineral density and urine samples for urinary cadmium. Results Urinary cadmium levels were 2.61 ± 1.28, (5.17 ± 3.35) and (12.20 ± 7.63) μg / g, respectively, in the control, middle and heavy polluted areas after 10 years of cadmium exposure. Urinary cadmium The level was significantly higher than the control area (P <0.05). BMD of all the subjects decreased with age, and BMD of the proximal radius + ulnar and proximal radius of 60- and 70-year-olds with urinary cadmium≥5μg / g creatinine was significantly lower than that of urine cadmium < 5μg / g creatinine in the same age group (P <0.05). Conclusions After the cadmium exposure is reduced, the female bone mineral density in the contaminated area is still lower than that in the normal population. The effect of cadmium exposure on female bones should be concerned.