空气钻井采用空气作为循环介质，最适低压和低渗透储层的开采。由于空气钻井方法最大限度地减小了环空液柱压力，所以能获得较高的机械钻速，并且对地层无损害。但限于目前的钻井、测井、固井等一系列油、气井开发工艺技术条件以及地层条件，对采用空气作循环介质所钻的井，往往都必须把工作液（或钻井液）替入井内。在替换过程中，原来没有受到损害的地层，会因工作液中的液相和固相侵入地层，造成地层损害。而且，如果低压、低渗储层一旦被损害，很难使地层恢复原始渗透率。本文在实验的基础上，采用屏蔽暂堵技术思路，提出了空气钻井替换过程中防止地层损害的技术措施。实验表明，暂堵效果与液柱压力，工作液中暂堵剂颗粒的浓度有关。本文提出适用于空气钻井替换施工的环空回压控制技术，能在较短的时间内把地层暂堵上，阻止工作液中的液相和固相颗粒侵入地层。由于暂堵剂颗粒进入地层比较浅，所以十分容易返排，恢复地层原始渗透率 Air drilling uses air as the circulating medium, the optimum low pressure and low permeability reservoir mining. Because the air drilling method minimizes the annulus liquid column pressure, a higher ROP can be obtained without damage to the formation. However, limited to the current drilling, logging, cementing and a series of oil and gas well development technology conditions and formation conditions, the use of air as the drilling medium for drilling wells, often have to work fluid (or drilling fluid) into the well . In the replacement process, the original did not damage the formation, due to the working fluid in the liquid phase and solid phase invasion into the formation, causing damage to the formation. Moreover, it is difficult to restore the original permeability of the formation once the low pressure and low permeability reservoirs are damaged. Based on the experiment, the paper adopts the idea of ​​temporary shielding technology and puts forward the technical measures to prevent strata damage during air drilling replacement. Experiments show that the temporary blocking effect and the liquid column pressure, working fluid temporary plugging agent particles concentration. This paper presents an annular back pressure control technology suitable for air drilling replacement construction, which can temporarily block the formation in a short period of time and prevent liquid and solid phase particles in the working fluid from entering the formation. As the temporary plugging agent particles into the relatively shallow formation, it is very easy to return row, restore the original formation permeability