山水画自宋、元代以来就已形成多种流派,此后的山水画家基本上在这些流派中或是增其内涵,或是扩其外延,以致形成两种不同的类型:扩其外延者如王蒙、石涛、龚贤诸辈,志在开拓边界,是进取型的代表;增内涵者圈地为营,守形成规,“四王”当为主帅。然而,“扩外延”者绝非一味“外延”,而兼之“内增”者不乏其人,同样,“增内涵”又同时“外扩”者亦有人在。因此,他们的进取与守成都为山水画的发展作出了重要贡献。 Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, landscape paintings have formed a variety of genres. Since then, the landscape painters have mainly added or expanded their connotations to these schools, resulting in the formation of two different types: extensionists such as Wang Meng , Shi Tao, Gong Xian generation, ambition to open up the border, is the representative of aggressive; by connotation who enclosure for the camp, keep the formation of rules, “four kings” when the coach. However, “extension of extension” is by no means “extension”, and there is no shortage of “extension of extension” among others. Likewise, “extension of meaning” and “extension of extension” are also carried out by others. Therefore, their enterprising and defending have made important contributions to the development of landscape painting.