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各种自然灾害的发生、发展和时空分布都不是孤立的，而是相互耦合从而形成一个统一的自然灾害系统。自然灾害系统是地球整体系统的一个组成部分。地球系统科学研究的基础和中坚是地质科学，因此地质科学在自然灾害综合研究中有着重要的地位。目前的研究表明：自然灾害系统的形成机制与分布，受到了地壳运动、地质作用和地质构造格局的控制，同时地球下垫面的状况又可以制约自然灾害的孕育、活动和能量释放过程。因此，对和自然灾害的发生有着密切关系的各种地质条件进行深入研究，是自然灾害综合研究的基础，也是进行自然灾害综合预报的基础。
The occurrence, development and spatiotemporal distribution of various natural disasters are not isolated but are mutually coupled so as to form a unified system of natural disasters. Natural disaster systems are an integral part of the Earth’s system as a whole. The foundation and backbone of earth system science research is geosciences, so geosciences play an important role in the comprehensive study of natural disasters. The current research shows that the formation mechanism and distribution of natural disasters are controlled by crustal movement, geological function and geological structure, and the status of earth’s underlying surface can restrain natural disasters, activities and energy release process. Therefore, an in-depth study on various geological conditions closely related to the occurrence of natural disasters is the basis for a comprehensive study of natural disasters and a basis for comprehensive forecast of natural disasters.