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G-四联体结构是由多聚鸟嘌呤序列通过Hoogsteen氢键配对形成的笼式结构。该结构具有独特的化学性质,如可以特异性地与N-甲基卟啉二丙酸Ⅸ(NMM)化合物结合,产生荧光以及具有过氧化物酶活性等。据此科学家开发了一些生物传感器,并取得了丰硕的成果。此类传感器大多是通过被检物质引起DNA结构的变化,进而引起荧光信号和过氧化物酶活性变化,最终达到检测的目的。对基于G-四联体结构开发的生物传感器检测金属离子、有机大分子、核酸和生物酶等物质的研究进展进行了综述。
The G-quadruplex structure is a cage structure formed by the conjugation of a guanine sequence by Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. This structure has unique chemical properties such as binding to N-methylporphyrin diphosphate IX (NMM) compound, fluorescence and peroxidase activity. As a result, scientists have developed some biosensors and achieved fruitful results. Most of these sensors through the test substance caused by DNA structure changes, and then cause changes in fluorescence signal and peroxidase activity, and ultimately achieve the purpose of detection. The research progress of biosensors for detecting metal ions, organic macromolecules, nucleic acids and biological enzymes based on the G-quadruplex structure was reviewed.