16世纪末叶以前,中俄两国只有一些间接的联系。从17世纪初到18世纪初的100多年间,中俄两国首先以武力方式,其次以外交的方式进行了频繁的直接接触,终于确立了中俄外交关系的基本框架。随之而来的是中俄政治、经贸和文化关系近100年的全面发展。从18世纪末到19世纪中叶的50多年间,中俄两国关系的发展趋缓。只是由于国际形势的巨大变化,才使中俄关系发生根本改变。全面了解中俄两国早期关系的历史,既有助于了解19世纪中叶以后中俄关系的曲折发展,也有助于理解中俄关系的现状并展望中俄关系的未来趋势。 Before the end of the 16th century, there was only a few indirect links between China and Russia. During the more than 100 years from the early 17th century to the early 18th century, China and Russia first made frequent and direct contacts by means of force and secondly by means of diplomacy, and finally established the basic framework of diplomatic relations between China and Russia. What followed was the all-round development of the nearly 100 years of political, economic, trade and cultural relations between China and Russia. In the more than 50 years from the late 18th century to the middle of the 19th century, the development of Sino-Russian relations slowed down. It is only because of the great changes in the international situation that fundamental changes have taken place in the Sino-Russian relations. A full understanding of the history of the early relations between China and Russia will not only help us understand the tortuous development of Sino-Russian relations since the middle of the 19th century, but also help us understand the status quo of Sino-Russian relations and look forward to the future trend of Sino-Russian relations.