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针对水文循环模拟中地形、土地利用覆被等流域下垫面参数化方法众多,且模拟效果相差较大的现状。本文首先根据水文循环模拟中产汇流原理,对常用水文循环模拟中产汇流模拟方法进行汇总和分类;在此基础上,对产流模拟中的降水径流相关系数法、蓄满产流和超渗产流等及汇流模拟中的等流时线、单位线、圣维南方程、马斯京根法等主要模拟方法中地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型参数化方法进行分析和讨论;根据其中流域地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型参数化方法对机理过程的描述程度,将其分为无明确表示类、率定型参数类、确定型参数类、物理过程表达类;进而阐明不同参数化方法中流域地形、土地利用覆被和土壤类型对水文循环模拟结果的响应和贡献。最后回归模型本质,阐述水文循环模拟中流域下垫面参数化方法中存在经验关系对复杂机理简单表述的合理性和物理机理过程描述的欠缺性问题,并预估未来水文循环模拟中下垫面参数化方法朝着简洁实用化和复杂机理化两个方向发展。
Aiming at the current situation that there are many methods to parameterize the underlying surface such as terrain, land cover and so on in the hydrological cycle simulation, and the simulation results are quite different. In this paper, we first summarize and classify the middle-class production methods based on the principle of hydrological cycle simulation, and on the basis of which, we analyze the correlation between precipitation runoff correlation coefficient, runoff-rich and ultra-seepage flow And so on. The method of topographic, land cover and soil type parameterization in the main simulation methods such as isochronism, unit line, Saint-Venant equation and Muskingum method in the confluence simulation is analyzed and discussed. , The degree of describing the mechanism process by the method of parameterization of land cover and soil type, which is divided into no explicit type, rate setting parameter type, determinate parameter type, and physical process expression class; and then clarify the different parameters of the method of watershed Response and Contribution of Topography, Land Cover and Soil Type to Hydrological Cycle Simulation Results. Finally, the essence of regression model is expounded. The rationality of the simple representation of complex mechanism and the lack of description of physical mechanism exist in the parametric method of underlying surface of hydrological cycle in hydrological cycle simulation, and the prediction of the underlying surface in the future hydrological cycle simulation The parameterization method develops in two directions: concise practicality and complicated mechanization.