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目的监测和评价云南省隆阳区和腾冲县吸毒人群毒品滥用、艾滋病相关知识、行为及HIV流行状况,为行为干预工作提供参考。方法使用“吸毒者健康调查问卷”对2013年新入戒毒所的542名隆阳区和431名腾冲县吸毒人员进行调查,采集血清标本进行HIV抗体检测,对调查和检测结果进行统计分析。结果吸毒人群艾滋病全部知识知晓率99.59%(7 752/7 784),知识知晓与相关行为实践有差距;最近一年接受社区药物维持治疗/清洁针具提供/交换、同伴教育的比例总体不高;HIV抗体阳性吸毒人群与配偶或同居者及与商业性伴发生性行为时坚持使用安全套的比例分别为17.65%、80.00%;共用针具吸毒情况在HIV抗体阳性和HIV抗体阴性人群间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.21,P<0.01)。结论共用针具吸毒仍是吸毒人群HIV感染的重要因素,需继续加强对吸毒人群美沙酮维持治疗、清洁针具交换、同伴教育等干预工作,促进其行为改变,减少因共用针具、性乱、不安全性行为可能导致的HIV的传播和流行。
Objective To monitor and evaluate drug abuse, AIDS-related knowledge, behavior and HIV prevalence among drug abusers in Longyang District and Tengchong County of Yunnan Province, and provide references for behavioral interventions. Methods A questionnaire of health status of drug addicts was used to investigate 542 residents in Lungyang District and 431 drug addicts in Tengchong County newly admitted to detoxification center in 2013. Serum samples were collected for HIV antibody testing and the results of the survey and test were statistically analyzed. Results The awareness rate of HIV / AIDS among drug users was 99.59% (7 752/7 784). There was a gap between knowledge and practice of related behaviors. In the recent year, community drug maintenance treatment / cleaning needles were provided / exchanged, and the proportion of peer education was not high ; HIV-positive drug users and spouses or cohabitants and commercial partners with sexual condom insist on the proportion of 17.65%, respectively, 80.00%; sharing needles drug abuse in HIV-positive and HIV-negative groups were Statistical significance (χ2 = 9.21, P <0.01). Conclusion Needle drug abuse is still an important factor in HIV infection among drug users. It is necessary to continue to intensify interventions such as methadone maintenance treatment, exchange of clean needles, peer education and other interventions to promote behavioral changes and reduce the risk of HIV infection due to sharing needles, Insecure behavior can lead to the spread and spread of HIV.