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连词是中学英语的重点知识。它可以引导不同的从句,丰富我们的语言表达。正确地使用连词是对学生的基本要求,也是高考的一个热点。在诸多的连词中我发觉有三组连词反复地被考查,应引起考生的重视。在这里笔者对这三组词作一比较。
一、while和when
1.这两个词都引导时间状语从句,但when引导的从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词或表状态的be动词;而while引导的从句中的动词只能是延续性动词或be动词。请大家看下面的题目:
(1)-Are you ready for Spain?
-Yes,I want the girls to experience that_____________they are young.
A.whileB.until
C.ifD.before
分析:由于从句的动词是be动词,正确答案是A。
(2)I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
分析:come 是短暂性动词,故这儿只能用when。
2. when还可表示主句的动作正在发生时, 从句的动作也出人意料地发生了。例如:
(1)We were swimming in the lake when suddenly thestorm started.
(2)He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
3.while 可表示对比关系,翻译为“而”,“然而”。看下面的题:
In some places women are expected to earn money ___________men work at home andraise their children.
A.butB.while
C.becauseD.though
分析:根据句意,应选B。
4.while 还可以引导让步状语从句,相当于although。例如:
___________ I acceptthat he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A.WhileB.Since
C.BeforeD.Unless
分析:答案是A,主句和从句是让步关系。
二、however 和whatever
1.however 引导让步状语从句,意思是“不管多……”,句型是however +adj(adv)+主语+谓语。它可写成:no matter how+adj(adv)+主语+谓语。例如:
___________ wellprepared you are,you still need a lot ofluck in mountain climbing.
A.However B.Whatever
C.No matterD.Although
分析:由于核心词是形容词,故选A。
2.whatever也引导让步状语从句,它的核心词是名词。它的句型是:whatever+adj +n +主语+谓语。例如:
Whatever great achievements you made,you should be modest.
分析:在这里我们要注意句型中的形容词,若它表示多或少,whatever 就要换成however。例如:
You should try to get a good night’ssleep, however much work you have to do.
3.whatever 还可引导名词性从句,相当于anything that。例如:
Whatever she did was right.So everyone always believedher.
三、that 和 what
在名词性从句中,that只起连接作用,不做任何成分,也没实际意思;而what既起连接作用,还做主语或宾语。看下面的题:
(1) ___________ was most important to her, she told me,was her family.
A.ItB.This
C.What D.As
分析:很明显从句缺主语,故选C。
(2) Many drivers stood in line in the gas station all the night, as___________ came___________the price of oil would go up.
A.words;thatB.word;which
C.a word;that D.word;that
分析:word 做消息讲时,前面不用冠词;后面的句子不缺成分,故选D。
(3)The new Olympic village has been set up in ___________was a wasteland five years ago.
A.whichB.where
C.that D.what
分析:若从意思上理解,不少学生会选B,但是分析成分可知从句缺主语,故选D。
小结:为了做好这类题,同学们应熟悉各种连词的意思及用法。同时还要学会分析成分,切不可想当然。
(责任编辑 黄 晓 周侯辰)
一、while和when
1.这两个词都引导时间状语从句,但when引导的从句中的动词可以是短暂性动词,也可以是延续性动词或表状态的be动词;而while引导的从句中的动词只能是延续性动词或be动词。请大家看下面的题目:
(1)-Are you ready for Spain?
-Yes,I want the girls to experience that_____________they are young.
A.whileB.until
C.ifD.before
分析:由于从句的动词是be动词,正确答案是A。
(2)I’ll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
分析:come 是短暂性动词,故这儿只能用when。
2. when还可表示主句的动作正在发生时, 从句的动作也出人意料地发生了。例如:
(1)We were swimming in the lake when suddenly thestorm started.
(2)He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
3.while 可表示对比关系,翻译为“而”,“然而”。看下面的题:
In some places women are expected to earn money ___________men work at home andraise their children.
A.butB.while
C.becauseD.though
分析:根据句意,应选B。
4.while 还可以引导让步状语从句,相当于although。例如:
___________ I acceptthat he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A.WhileB.Since
C.BeforeD.Unless
分析:答案是A,主句和从句是让步关系。
二、however 和whatever
1.however 引导让步状语从句,意思是“不管多……”,句型是however +adj(adv)+主语+谓语。它可写成:no matter how+adj(adv)+主语+谓语。例如:
___________ wellprepared you are,you still need a lot ofluck in mountain climbing.
A.However B.Whatever
C.No matterD.Although
分析:由于核心词是形容词,故选A。
2.whatever也引导让步状语从句,它的核心词是名词。它的句型是:whatever+adj +n +主语+谓语。例如:
Whatever great achievements you made,you should be modest.
分析:在这里我们要注意句型中的形容词,若它表示多或少,whatever 就要换成however。例如:
You should try to get a good night’ssleep, however much work you have to do.
3.whatever 还可引导名词性从句,相当于anything that。例如:
Whatever she did was right.So everyone always believedher.
三、that 和 what
在名词性从句中,that只起连接作用,不做任何成分,也没实际意思;而what既起连接作用,还做主语或宾语。看下面的题:
(1) ___________ was most important to her, she told me,was her family.
A.ItB.This
C.What D.As
分析:很明显从句缺主语,故选C。
(2) Many drivers stood in line in the gas station all the night, as___________ came___________the price of oil would go up.
A.words;thatB.word;which
C.a word;that D.word;that
分析:word 做消息讲时,前面不用冠词;后面的句子不缺成分,故选D。
(3)The new Olympic village has been set up in ___________was a wasteland five years ago.
A.whichB.where
C.that D.what
分析:若从意思上理解,不少学生会选B,但是分析成分可知从句缺主语,故选D。
小结:为了做好这类题,同学们应熟悉各种连词的意思及用法。同时还要学会分析成分,切不可想当然。
(责任编辑 黄 晓 周侯辰)