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[目的]总结神经垂体肿瘤的组织学发生、影像学特征及其治疗方法。[方法]回顾性分析11例神经垂体肿瘤的临床资料和影像学表现。[结果]神经垂体肿瘤多表现为局限于垂体后叶及垂体柄的微小病变 ,极少累及垂体前叶 ,偶可沿垂体柄向鞍上生长 ,形成较大的占位性病灶。肿瘤的MRI征像 :T1W呈混杂信号 ,T2W呈稍高或混杂信号 ;注射Gd-DTPA后病灶可被强化 ,但信号略低于周围正常的脑下垂体组织。肿瘤的GFAP免疫组化染色阳性 ,电镜检查发现 :瘤细胞的胞质内可见有不等量的中间微丝和胶质微丝。[结论]神经垂体肿瘤可能是胶质细胞来源的肿瘤 ,多局限于垂体后叶和垂体柄 ;在MRI上有其特征性表现 ,有助于临床上作出准确诊断 ;经鼻、蝶入路手术和立体定向放射外科治疗是目前较理想的治疗方法。
[Objective] To summarize the histological appearance, imaging features and treatment of neurohypophysis. [Methods] Retrospective analysis of 11 cases of neurohypophysis tumor clinical data and imaging findings. [Results] Nerve pituitary tumors were mostly confined to the tiny lesions of the posterior pituitary and pituitary stalk, rarely involved the anterior pituitary, even along the pituitary stalk to saddle growth, the formation of a larger space-occupying lesions. Tumor MRI signs: T1W was mixed signal, T2W was slightly higher or mixed signal; injection of Gd-DTPA lesions can be enhanced, but the signal is slightly lower than normal surrounding pituitary gland tissue. Tumor GFAP immunohistochemical staining, electron microscopy showed that: the cytoplasm of tumor cells can be seen in varying amounts of intermediate microfilaments and glia. [Conclusion] The neurohypophysis tumor may be a glial cell-derived tumor, mostly confined to the posterior pituitary and the pituitary stalk. It has its characteristic features on MRI and is helpful for the accurate diagnosis in clinic. And stereotactic radiosurgery is the ideal treatment.