空穴萌生是材料微观延性损伤过程的一个重要阶段.一般地,空穴萌生的主要机理是材料内部第二相粒子与基体界面的分离和粒子本身的断裂. 在材料内部的粒子处形成空穴的临界条件包括临界局部应变能准则、正应力准则和临界塑性应变水平.一般认为,对于空穴的萌生,能量需要仅仅是一个必要条件.与此同时,局部应力必须超过某一个临界水平.但也有少数研究表明:即使在大塑性变形条件下,空穴萌生的能 Hole germination is an important phase of the microscopic ductile damage process of materials.Generally, the main mechanism of hole-germination is the separation of the second-phase particles from the matrix interface and the breakage of the particles themselves in the material.The formation of holes The critical conditions include the critical local strain energy criterion, the normal stress criterion and the critical plastic strain level. It is generally believed that the energy requirement is only a necessary condition for the initiation of holes, while the local stress must exceed a certain critical level. There are also a few studies have shown that: even under the conditions of large plastic deformation, the energy of hole germination