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1 问题与更新 从五十年代以来,我国住宅区规划采用以“小区”为编制规划的基本单位。“小区”规模主要根据配套公共设施的服务容量确定,如一座18～24班小学,可容纳学生810～1080人,按五十年代城市人口年龄结构,学校适龄生比例约占总人口12％,所以确定“小区”,规模为1万人左右。城市总体规划布局也以“小区”为基础,采用三级,即市(区)级、居住区级和小区级布置城市公共设施。这类模式通行于计划经济国家,其特征是层次较多,布局平均、分散(图1)。
1 Problems and Updates Since the 1950s, planning of residential areas in China has adopted the “cell” as the basic unit for planning. The size of the “cell” is mainly determined according to the service capacity of the supporting public facilities. For example, an 18 to 24 class primary school can accommodate 810 to 1080 students. According to the age structure of urban population in the 1950s, the proportion of school-age students accounts for about 12% of the total population. So determine the “cell”, the scale of about 10,000 people. The layout of the city’s overall plan is also based on the “cell”, and three levels are used, namely city (district) level, residential district level, and district level, to arrange urban public facilities. Such models are common in planned economies and are characterized by a large number of levels and are evenly distributed (Figure 1).