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目的探讨昆山地区企业近年来存在的职业病危害因素中有机毒物接触现状及其变化趋势,预防职业病的发生。方法 2006—2010年间,对涉及有机毒物的企业车间空气进行正己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和丁酮检测。结果 2006—2010年分别检测了395、450、400、353、448家接触有机毒物的企业,合格率分别为92.15%、90.22%、87.25%、89.24%、89.72%。各有机毒物检测结果合格率均在90%以上,正己烷和甲苯的合格率由2006年的89.73%和95.56%上升2010年的96.75%和96.87%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各年检测最高浓度超标倍数较大的有:2007年正己烷超标11.3倍,二甲苯超标16.6倍;2008年苯超标17.7倍,甲苯超标50.7倍,乙酸乙酯超标15.7倍;2010年二甲苯超标26.4倍,乙酸乙酯超标18.3倍。结论各年有机毒物接触企业检测数相当,检测结果合格率均较高,正己烷、甲苯等检测合格率略呈上升趋势,但个别企业的最高浓度超标倍数较高,因此,仍需加大职业卫生技术服务投入,加强对接触有机毒物企业的监管范围和力度,保障劳动者的身体健康。
Objective To explore the current status and trends of exposure to organic toxicants among occupational hazards in Kunshan enterprises in recent years and to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases. Methods During 2006-2010, n-hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and butanone were tested on the air of the workshop involving organic poisonous enterprises. Results From 2006 to 2010, 395,450,400,353,448 organic toxicants were tested respectively. The pass rates were 92.15%, 90.22%, 87.25%, 89.24% and 89.72% respectively. The passing rates of all organic toxins were over 90%. The passing rates of n-hexane and toluene increased from 89.73% and 95.56% in 2006 to 96.75% and 96.87% respectively in 2010, with statistical significance (P <0.05). In each year the highest concentration exceeded the maximum test times are: in 2007 n-hexane exceeded 11.3 times, xylene exceeded 16.6 times; in 2008 benzene exceeded 17.7 times, exceeding 50.7 times toluene, ethyl acetate exceeded 15.7 times; xylene exceeded 26.4 times, 18.3 times more than ethyl acetate. Conclusion The detection rates of organic poison contact enterprises are quite high in each year, and the passing rate of test results is high. The pass rate of detection of n-hexane, toluene and the like shows a slight upward trend, but the highest multiple of multiple enterprises exceeds the standard. Therefore, Investment in health technology services, strengthening the scope of supervision and control of enterprises that come into contact with organic poisonous substances and ensuring the health of workers.