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云杉雪霉病系国内首次报道。该病主要发生在积雪深厚的新疆天山西部、准噶尔西部山地和阿尔泰山的部分林区,重病区苗木年平均损失率41％～62％。在天山西部,雪霉病的主要病原菌有灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、核盘菌(Solerotinia sclerotiorum)、狭窄平截盘多毛孢(Tr-uncatella angustata)。其中后者为国内新记录种。在巩留林区卡西苗圃和室内进行病原菌生物学特性观察、致病性测定等模拟实验;在田间设置微机温度数字采集系统,观测雪层和土壤层的温度动态,结果说明,在雪盖下,冬季土壤不结冻,或仅在浅土层短期轻微结冻,苗冠层处于低温高湿状态,适合雪霉病发生。
Spruce snow mildew was first reported in China. The disease mainly occurs in the deep snow-covered areas in the western Tianshan Mountains, the western Junggar Mountains and the Altai Mountains. The average annual loss rate of seedlings in the seriously ill areas is 41% -62%. In western Tianshan, Botrytis cinerea, Solerotinia sclerotiorum and Tr-uncatella angustata are the main pathogens of snow mildew. The latter is the new recorded species in China. The experiment of pathogenic bacteria’s biological characteristics and pathogenicity were carried out in the Kasai nursery and indoor in Gongliulin area. The computer temperature digital acquisition system was set up in the field to observe the temperature dynamics of the snow layer and the soil layer. The results showed that under the snow cover, Winter soil does not freeze, or only shallow soil in a short period of mild freezing, seedling canopy in the low temperature and high humidity, suitable for the occurrence of snow mildew.