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中国经济体制改革既是制度层面的利益重新分配,也是经过符号运作建立阶级身份的过程。本文通过对A企业产权制度变迁过程的考察和对其中26名员工的访谈,分析了工人阶级在产权制度变迁中共同经验到的“失业危机”;在市场与资本的共谋之下,工人阶级群体分化为有技术、有竞争力、年纪轻的“上岗”人群和没有技术、没有竞争力、年纪大的“下岗”人群。这种身份划分既是资本权力的运作也是文化符号的运作,它使“下岗”工人把问题指向自身,削弱了他们的反抗力量;“上岗”工人的共同利益明显化,并有了明确的利益诉求。在企业产权制度变迁的过程中,中国工人阶级的政治地位和经济地位紧密地结合在一起了。
China’s economic structural reform is not only the redistribution of interests at the institutional level but also the process of establishing class identity through the operation of symbols. Through the investigation of the changing process of A’s property rights system and the interviews with 26 of its employees, this paper analyzes the “unemployment crisis” commonly experienced by the working class during the change of property rights system. Under the complicity of the market and capital, the working class Groups are differentiated into skilled, competitive, young “laid-off” crowds, and unskilled, uncompetitive, older “laid-off” crowds. This division of status is not only the operation of capital power but also the operation of cultural symbols. It enables “laid-off workers” to point the issue to themselves and weaken their resistance. The common interests of “laid-off workers” are obvious and there is a clear interest demand . In the course of changes in the system of property rights, the political status and economic status of the working class in China are closely integrated.