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目的探索一种准确、快速、可靠的分子生物学分型方法，研究耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（ＭＲＳＡ）的流行病学。方法建立脉冲场凝胶电泳（ＰＦＧＥ）的分子生物学分型方法。将细菌包埋于琼脂块中，原位溶解细菌，ＳｍａⅠ消化染色体ＤＮＡ，经脉冲场凝胶电泳（ＰＦＧＥ）分离，比较染色体限制性内切酶图谱，确定菌株的亲缘关系。结果３８株ＭＲＳＡ的ＰＦＧＥ谱分１０组（Ａ～Ｊ），以Ａ型为主，Ａ型又有Ａ１～Ａ４四个亚型。１９９５年１１月～１９９６年３月发生了Ａ１亚型株暴发流行，从１８位住院病人共分离到２２株。暴发流行株在住院病人、各病房及各医院之间进行传播。结论对ＭＲＳＡ的流行病学进行研究，ＰＦＧＥ是一种准确、可靠、重复性好的分子生物学分型方法。
Objective To explore an accurate, rapid and reliable molecular biological typing method to study the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods Establishment of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing method. Bacteria were embedded in agar blocks, bacteria were lysed in situ, chromosomal DNA was digested with SmaI and separated by PFGE. The phylogenetic relationships of the strains were compared by comparing the restriction endonuclease map of chromosomes. Results The PFGE profiles of 38 MRSA strains were divided into 10 groups (A ~ J). The A group was the main type. There were four subtypes A1 - A4. From November 1995 to March 1996, a subtype A1 outbreak occurred. Twenty-two in-patients were isolated from 18 patients. Outbreaks of the epidemic spread among inpatients, wards and hospitals. Conclusions The epidemiology of MRSA has been studied. PFGE is an accurate, reliable and reproducible molecular biological typing method.