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surround
vt. 包围,围住;在……周围,环绕
The police surrounded the house.
警察包围了那栋房子。
You should prevent yourself from being affected by the opinion that surrounded you.
你应该使自己免受周围的人意见的影响。
【拓展】
surround ... with ... = be surrounded with/by
The house was surrounded by/with trees.
这栋房子被树环绕着。
surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的
The village and its surrounding scenery are very pretty.
这个村庄及它周围的景色都非常漂亮。
surroundings n. 环境
It’s important to work in friendly surroundings.
在友好的环境中工作很重要。
【辨析】
surroundings, environment, condition
surroundings 多指周围的环境
environment 多指自然环境
condition 多指某事物的现状,状态或是某件事情成立的条件。
He was happy to be at home in his usual surroundings.
他喜欢待在在家中他习惯的环境里。
Now we should take some measures to protect the environment.
现在我们应该采取措施保护环境。
They are trying to make living conditions better.
他们致力于改善生活条件。
tolerate
vt. 忍受,容忍;允许
tolerate sb/sth/doing sth
I can’t tolerate that loud music any longer!
我忍受不了这吵闹的音乐了!
Our school won’t tolerate cheating on exams.
我们学校不会容忍在考试中的作弊行为。
tolerance n. 忍受的能力,容忍
tolerant adj. 度量大,能容忍
be tolerant of 容忍……
We should always be tolerant of the views of others, even if we disagree with them.
我们应能包容他人的观点,即使我们不赞同。
tolerate, stand, bear, put up with 都有“容忍,忍受”的意思,单从含义上很难区分,建议同学们从用法上区分它们:
tolerate sth/doing sth
stand sth/(sb) doing sth
bear sth/(sb) doing/(sb) to do sth
put up with sb/sth
I can’t stand you speaking to me like that.
我不能忍受你像那样对我说话。
He can’t bear being laughed at/to be laughed at.
他不能忍受被别人嘲笑。
I can put up with many things, but not with people who steal.
我能容忍很多事情,但决不容忍小偷小摸的人。
lack
n./vt./vi.
缺乏;缺少
(a/the) lack of 缺少
At last my courage won over my lack of confidence.
最终我的勇气战胜了我的不自信。
The project was put off for lack of money.
这项工程因缺欠被推迟了。
【拓展】
lack作动词时可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,以下三种表达均有“缺”的含义:
lack 缺乏,没有(所需要的东西)
lack for 缺(常用于否定句中)
be lacking in 缺乏(某种品质、特点等),不够……
They lacked the money to send their son to university.
他们没钱送儿子上大学。
Although he is not rich, he thinks he lacks for nothing.
虽然他不富有,他并不觉得自己缺什么。
In my opinion, he is lacking in intelligence to some degree.
就我看来,在某种程度上他不够聪明。
【近义表达】
be short of
注意lack和of连用时是作名词,而short是形容词。
involve
vt. 包含;牵涉,牵连;使参加,加入
involve sth
involve doing sth be/get involved in 与……有牵连,参与
involve with 和……混在一起,和……密切联系
This job involves love and patience.
这份工作需要爱心和耐心。
A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and telling jokes.
相声表演包括说学逗唱。
I don’t want to get involved in your personal businesses.
我不想与你的私事有什么瓜葛。
Don’t involve yourself with those people. It does no good to you!
不要和那些人混在一起。对你没好处!
be involved in 有时也可表示“聚精会神干某事”
He was so interested in the book that he was involved in reading it all evening.
他对这本书是如此感兴趣,一整晚都在聚精会神地看。
involvement n. 牵涉进去,卷入 (不可数)
【拓展】
be engaged in 忙于……
be absorbed in 全神贯注于……
be occupied in 有事干,忙于……
这几个词都可用在be done in这种结构中,建议同学们可放在一起记,但记忆时注意结合动词的基本含义来理解。例如occupy的本义是“占领,占用,占有”,那么He was occupied in writing letters.这句话我们就可理解成“写信这件事占用了他的时间”,所以是“他忙于写信”的意思。
inform
vt. 告诉,通知
inform sb of/about... 通知/告诉某人……
inform sb that/how/where... 通知/告诉某人……
keep sb informed that/how/where... 随时告知某人……
同学们从上面的用法中发现了什么吗?在inform sb of/about sth 这个结构中,sth如果是一个名词,则of/about是必须带上的,但如果sth是一个从句,则有时of/about要去掉。一般说来,接what引导的从句,of/about可带着,而别的词,例如说how, where等等,则要去掉。
She has informed all her friends of her arrival.
她已通知她所有的朋友她来了。
I want to inform you that the meeting has been cancelled.
我想告诉你会议取消了。
Don’t worry. He will inform us where to go.
别担心。他会告诉我们去哪儿的。
We are kept informed of what is happening in the world by reading newspapers and watching TV.
我们可以通过看报纸和看电视知道世界上正在发生什么。
Please keep me informed if you have any trouble.
如果你有任何麻烦,请随时告知我。
【同形异义】
remind sb of/that... 提醒某人……
accuse sb of 控告某人……
suspect sb of 怀疑某人……
rob sb of 抢劫某人……
warn sb of 警告某人……
cure sb of 治愈某人……
这些词都可用在动词+sb+of的结构中,但有一点要提醒大家:inform/remind sb of sth结构中的sth可以是从句,也就是可以说inform/remind sb that...。但其他动词用在这个结构中时,sth只能是名词,而不能是从句。
cover
vt. 覆盖,遮盖;包括,涉及;行过(一段距离);读(多少页书);报道;够支付
About 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
地球表面大约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
His research covers a wide field.
他的研究涉及广泛的领域。
By sunset we have covered thirty miles.
日落前我们已走了30英里。
How many pages have you covered?
你已经读了多少页?
All important events in the world are covered in China Daily.
全球重大事件在《中国日报》都有报道。
The money should be enough to cover her tuition fees.
这笔钱应该足够支付她的学费。
cover的词义很多,而且常出现在完型填空中。建议大家结合具体的语境去理解掌握,但许多引申义都离不开它的基本含义“覆盖”。同学们可以从这个角度试着去联想一下。
1. An old man was telling a story with . (surround)
一位老人正在讲故事,一群孩子围着他。
2. She is on diet now, so she fatty meat. (tolerate)
她正在节食,所以她不能忍受吃肥肉。
3. Though , he managed to finish the task on time. (lack)
虽然缺少经验,他还是设法按时完成了任务。
4. those people, or you’ll have trouble. (involve)
不要和那些人混在一起,否则你会有麻烦的。
5. He is reading a report on the newspaper . (cover)
他正在读报纸上有关最近交通事故的一篇报道。
1. a group of children surrounding him/him surrounded by a group of children
2. can’t tolerate eating
3. lacking experience
4. Don’t get involved in
5. which covers the recent traffic accident
vt. 包围,围住;在……周围,环绕
The police surrounded the house.
警察包围了那栋房子。
You should prevent yourself from being affected by the opinion that surrounded you.
你应该使自己免受周围的人意见的影响。
【拓展】
surround ... with ... = be surrounded with/by
The house was surrounded by/with trees.
这栋房子被树环绕着。
surrounding adj. 周围的,附近的
The village and its surrounding scenery are very pretty.
这个村庄及它周围的景色都非常漂亮。
surroundings n. 环境
It’s important to work in friendly surroundings.
在友好的环境中工作很重要。
【辨析】
surroundings, environment, condition
surroundings 多指周围的环境
environment 多指自然环境
condition 多指某事物的现状,状态或是某件事情成立的条件。
He was happy to be at home in his usual surroundings.
他喜欢待在在家中他习惯的环境里。
Now we should take some measures to protect the environment.
现在我们应该采取措施保护环境。
They are trying to make living conditions better.
他们致力于改善生活条件。
tolerate
vt. 忍受,容忍;允许
tolerate sb/sth/doing sth
I can’t tolerate that loud music any longer!
我忍受不了这吵闹的音乐了!
Our school won’t tolerate cheating on exams.
我们学校不会容忍在考试中的作弊行为。
tolerance n. 忍受的能力,容忍
tolerant adj. 度量大,能容忍
be tolerant of 容忍……
We should always be tolerant of the views of others, even if we disagree with them.
我们应能包容他人的观点,即使我们不赞同。
tolerate, stand, bear, put up with 都有“容忍,忍受”的意思,单从含义上很难区分,建议同学们从用法上区分它们:
tolerate sth/doing sth
stand sth/(sb) doing sth
bear sth/(sb) doing/(sb) to do sth
put up with sb/sth
I can’t stand you speaking to me like that.
我不能忍受你像那样对我说话。
He can’t bear being laughed at/to be laughed at.
他不能忍受被别人嘲笑。
I can put up with many things, but not with people who steal.
我能容忍很多事情,但决不容忍小偷小摸的人。
lack
n./vt./vi.
缺乏;缺少
(a/the) lack of 缺少
At last my courage won over my lack of confidence.
最终我的勇气战胜了我的不自信。
The project was put off for lack of money.
这项工程因缺欠被推迟了。
【拓展】
lack作动词时可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词,以下三种表达均有“缺”的含义:
lack 缺乏,没有(所需要的东西)
lack for 缺(常用于否定句中)
be lacking in 缺乏(某种品质、特点等),不够……
They lacked the money to send their son to university.
他们没钱送儿子上大学。
Although he is not rich, he thinks he lacks for nothing.
虽然他不富有,他并不觉得自己缺什么。
In my opinion, he is lacking in intelligence to some degree.
就我看来,在某种程度上他不够聪明。
【近义表达】
be short of
注意lack和of连用时是作名词,而short是形容词。
involve
vt. 包含;牵涉,牵连;使参加,加入
involve sth
involve doing sth be/get involved in 与……有牵连,参与
involve with 和……混在一起,和……密切联系
This job involves love and patience.
这份工作需要爱心和耐心。
A crosstalk performance involves talking, imitating, singing and telling jokes.
相声表演包括说学逗唱。
I don’t want to get involved in your personal businesses.
我不想与你的私事有什么瓜葛。
Don’t involve yourself with those people. It does no good to you!
不要和那些人混在一起。对你没好处!
be involved in 有时也可表示“聚精会神干某事”
He was so interested in the book that he was involved in reading it all evening.
他对这本书是如此感兴趣,一整晚都在聚精会神地看。
involvement n. 牵涉进去,卷入 (不可数)
【拓展】
be engaged in 忙于……
be absorbed in 全神贯注于……
be occupied in 有事干,忙于……
这几个词都可用在be done in这种结构中,建议同学们可放在一起记,但记忆时注意结合动词的基本含义来理解。例如occupy的本义是“占领,占用,占有”,那么He was occupied in writing letters.这句话我们就可理解成“写信这件事占用了他的时间”,所以是“他忙于写信”的意思。
inform
vt. 告诉,通知
inform sb of/about... 通知/告诉某人……
inform sb that/how/where... 通知/告诉某人……
keep sb informed that/how/where... 随时告知某人……
同学们从上面的用法中发现了什么吗?在inform sb of/about sth 这个结构中,sth如果是一个名词,则of/about是必须带上的,但如果sth是一个从句,则有时of/about要去掉。一般说来,接what引导的从句,of/about可带着,而别的词,例如说how, where等等,则要去掉。
She has informed all her friends of her arrival.
她已通知她所有的朋友她来了。
I want to inform you that the meeting has been cancelled.
我想告诉你会议取消了。
Don’t worry. He will inform us where to go.
别担心。他会告诉我们去哪儿的。
We are kept informed of what is happening in the world by reading newspapers and watching TV.
我们可以通过看报纸和看电视知道世界上正在发生什么。
Please keep me informed if you have any trouble.
如果你有任何麻烦,请随时告知我。
【同形异义】
remind sb of/that... 提醒某人……
accuse sb of 控告某人……
suspect sb of 怀疑某人……
rob sb of 抢劫某人……
warn sb of 警告某人……
cure sb of 治愈某人……
这些词都可用在动词+sb+of的结构中,但有一点要提醒大家:inform/remind sb of sth结构中的sth可以是从句,也就是可以说inform/remind sb that...。但其他动词用在这个结构中时,sth只能是名词,而不能是从句。
cover
vt. 覆盖,遮盖;包括,涉及;行过(一段距离);读(多少页书);报道;够支付
About 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
地球表面大约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
His research covers a wide field.
他的研究涉及广泛的领域。
By sunset we have covered thirty miles.
日落前我们已走了30英里。
How many pages have you covered?
你已经读了多少页?
All important events in the world are covered in China Daily.
全球重大事件在《中国日报》都有报道。
The money should be enough to cover her tuition fees.
这笔钱应该足够支付她的学费。
cover的词义很多,而且常出现在完型填空中。建议大家结合具体的语境去理解掌握,但许多引申义都离不开它的基本含义“覆盖”。同学们可以从这个角度试着去联想一下。
1. An old man was telling a story with . (surround)
一位老人正在讲故事,一群孩子围着他。
2. She is on diet now, so she fatty meat. (tolerate)
她正在节食,所以她不能忍受吃肥肉。
3. Though , he managed to finish the task on time. (lack)
虽然缺少经验,他还是设法按时完成了任务。
4. those people, or you’ll have trouble. (involve)
不要和那些人混在一起,否则你会有麻烦的。
5. He is reading a report on the newspaper . (cover)
他正在读报纸上有关最近交通事故的一篇报道。
1. a group of children surrounding him/him surrounded by a group of children
2. can’t tolerate eating
3. lacking experience
4. Don’t get involved in
5. which covers the recent traffic accident