沙漠油田作业工人听力损失分析

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目的掌握沙漠油田作业工人听力损失状况,为采取预防措施提供依据。方法按噪声暴露分组,噪声观察组256人,对照组188人为非接触噪声人员。用常规方法测量每个工人的左右耳高频气导听阈,按GBZ 49-2007标准对听阈作年龄和性别修正,并诊断是否为听力损失,比较两组工人听力状况。结果作业现场共监测19个噪声点,其中有3个点超过国家卫生标准,超标率为15.79%;噪声强度为78~97 dB,平均(85.0±2.0)dB;噪声组中单耳听力损失罹患率为17.77%,明显高于对照组(11.44%)(χ2=6.795,P<0.01),且噪声组随接噪工龄延长,听力损失罹患率有增高趋势,工龄10年以上的高频听力损失明显增高,噪声组和非噪声组中,男性听力损失罹患率显著高于女性(P<0.05)。结论提示泵工、锅炉工等工种高强度噪声引起作业人员听力损失。 Objective To understand the hearing loss status of workers in desert oil field and provide basis for preventive measures. Methods According to the noise exposure group, 256 people in noise observation group and 188 persons in control group were non-contact noise personnel. The left and right ear high-frequency air conduction thresholds of each worker were measured by the conventional method. According to the standard of GBZ 49-2007, the hearing thresholds were corrected for age and gender, and the hearing loss was diagnosed. The hearing status of the two groups of workers was compared. Results A total of 19 noise spots were monitored at the job site, of which 3 were beyond the national health standards and the exceeding standard rate was 15.79%; the noise intensity was 78-97 dB with an average of (85.0 ± 2.0) dB; (Χ2 = 6.795, P <0.01). In the noise group, the hearing loss rate increased with the increase of noise duration, and the frequency of hearing loss with more than 10 years of service was higher than that of the control group (χ2 = 6.795, P <0.01) Significantly higher in the noise group and non-noise group, the incidence of male hearing loss was significantly higher than that of the female (P <0.05). Conclusion suggests that high-intensity noise such as pump workers, boiler workers and other workers caused hearing loss.
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