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语用歧义有积极和消极两个方面。消极的歧义会给人们的交际带来障碍,应该尽量避免。本文根据语用歧义的形成,将语用歧义分为五类:话语歧义、言语行为歧义、含义歧义、指示歧义和前提歧义,并对每类歧义的形成作了详尽分析。本文还概括了语用歧义的特征,即其具有不确定性、多义性、间接性和依赖性。对语用歧义的形成和特点进行研究的目的在于排除歧义,使交际顺利进行。因而应该采用一些策略来消除歧义。
Pragmatic ambiguity has both positive and negative aspects. Negative ambiguity will bring obstacles to people’s communication and should be avoided as much as possible. Based on the formation of pragmatic ambiguity, the dissertation divides the pragmatic ambiguity into five categories: discourse ambiguity, ambiguous speech act, ambiguous ambiguity, directive ambiguity and premise ambiguity, and makes a detailed analysis of the formation of each ambiguity. This article also summarizes the characteristics of pragmatic ambiguity, that is, it has uncertainty, polysemy, indirectness and dependence. The purpose of studying the formation and characteristics of pragmatic ambiguity is to eliminate the ambiguity and make the communication proceed smoothly. Therefore, some strategies should be adopted to eliminate ambiguity.