中国儒家传统思想孕育了文化在民族意识里的内化,从而使得古代中国的知识分子往往从文化、道德、精神而不是物质和制度的角度来看待民族和国家的问题。中国近现代知识分子,尤其是政治知识分子,无论是以梁漱溟为代表的文化保守者还是以鲁迅为代表的激进者,都赋予文化过高的重要性,认为国家重建、民族复兴很大程度上依赖文化上的大发展。但是,他们对传统文化的批判和遵循却恰恰构成了文化民族主义的困境。 The traditional Confucianism in China gave birth to the internalization of culture in the national consciousness, so that the ancient Chinese intellectuals often viewed the issue of the nation and the state from the perspective of culture, morality and spirit rather than materiality and system. Whether modern Chinese intellectuals, especially political intellectuals, cultural conservatives represented by Liang Shuming or radical ones represented by Lu Xun, give the importance of over-culture, think that national reconstruction and national rejuvenation are to a large extent Rely on cultural development. However, their criticism and follow-up of traditional culture exactly constitute the predicament of cultural nationalism.