目的:系统分析PMn 2.5暴露对儿童行为的影响。n 方法:以空气污染、细颗粒物、儿童、学生、儿童行为、神经行为、注意力、自闭症、孤独症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、多动症、不良行为为中文关键词，以air pollution、fine particulate matter、particulate matter、PMn 2.5、children、student、behavior、autism、attention、inattention、neurobehavior、attention deficit hyperactivity disorder、ADHD、ASD为英文关键词，分别系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台和PubMed、Web of Science数据库发表的有关PMn 2.5与儿童行为问题关联的相关文献。检索时段截至2019年11月，语种限定为中文和英文。纳入标准包括研究的暴露因素为PMn 2.5；研究结果包括行为障碍及相关疾病；纳入文献的语种为中文、英文；原创研究论文；病例对照、队列或横断面研究。排除标准包括动物实验；重复报告；综述类文章；研究暴露因素不包括PMn 2.5；儿童自伤和违法等行为。最终纳入25篇文献。n 结果:纳入的25篇文献中，12篇研究讨论PMn 2.5暴露与儿童行为障碍疾病的关系，13篇探讨PMn 2.5暴露与儿童异常行为之间的关系，基于中国人群的研究有5篇。根据研究设计分为出生队列研究（15个）、横断面研究（5个）、病例对照研究（5个），我国主要采用横断面研究和病例对照研究。研究结果提示，PMn 2.5暴露会增加儿童行为问题的发生风险，既存在短期效应也存在长期效应。短期暴露于PMn 2.5易引起轻度的儿童异常行为，长期暴露可能加重儿童行为障碍疾病的发生风险。胎儿期和婴幼儿期可能是儿童行为问题发生的关键暴露窗口。n 结论:PMn 2.5暴露与儿童行为问题可能存在一定关联，在未来的研究中应开展纵向队列研究增强细颗粒物污染与儿童行为问题的因果关系论证。n “,”Objective:To systematically analyze the impact of PMn 2.5 exposure on children′s behavior.n Methods:Use air pollution, fine particulate matter, children, students, child behavior, neurobehavior, attention, autism, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperactivity, and bad behavior as Chinese keywords. Use air pollution, fine particulate matter, particulate matter, PMn 2.5, children, student, behavior, autism, attention, intention, neurobehavior, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, ASD as English keywords. Journal papers and grey literature were searched from CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed and Web of Science database from their inception to Nov 2019, which are related to PMn 2.5 and children behavior problems. The search period is as of November 2019, and the languages are limited to Chinese and English. The inclusion criteria included the exposure factor of the study as PMn 2.5; the results of the study included behavioral disorders and related diseases; the languages of the included literature were Chinese and English; original research papers; case-control, cohort or cross-sectional studies. Exclusion criteria include animal experiments; repeated reports; review articles; research exposure factors do not include PMn 2.5; children self-harm and illegal behaviors. Finally, 25 articles were included.n Results:Among the 25 included articles, 12 studies discussed the relationship between PMn 2.5 exposure and childhood behavioral disorders, 13 discussed the relationship between PMn 2.5 exposure and abnormal behaviors in children, and 5 studies based on the Chinese population. According to the research design, it is divided into birth cohort studies (15), cross-sectional studies (5), and case-control studies (5). China mainly uses cross-sectional studies and case-control studies. The results of the study suggest that PMn 2.5 exposure will increase the risk of children′s behavioral problems, with both short-term and long-term effects. Short-term exposure to PMn 2.5can easily cause mild abnormal behaviors in children, and long-term exposure may increase the risk of children′s behavioral disorders. The fetal period and the infant period may be the key exposure window for the occurrence of children′s behavior problems.n Conclusion:There may be a certain correlation between PMn 2.5 exposure and children′s behavioral problems. In future studies, longitudinal cohort studies should be carried out to enhance the causal relationship between fine particulate matter pollution and children′s behavioral problems.n