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目的了解我市儿童血铅水平,进一步探讨铅污染防治措施。方法采用随机抽样方法在海曙区、鄞州区、慈溪市、奉化市抽取0~6岁儿童1704例进行血铅水平测定、相关因素调查及环境样本铅测定。结果0~6岁儿童血铅均值为54.2μg/L、≥100μg/L者占9.33%,较5年前铅中毒发生率40.77%有明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.001)。不同地域儿童的血铅水平有明显差异(P<0.01),慈溪市儿童的血铅水平较高与其环境样本铅含量较高相关。被动吸烟、经常喝色素饮料、不常剪指甲3个因素与儿童铅污染水平呈正相关。通过3~6个月的随访,有95%的轻度铅中毒儿童只对家人进行预防铅污染科普知识宣教,未加用任何药物干预,血铅水平降至100μg/L以下。结论宁波市经过5年的努力,儿童铅污染防治的效果明显。使用无铅汽油和对家长进行铅污染防治知识的健康教育,是降低儿童血铅水平有效的方法。
Objective To understand the level of blood lead in our city to further explore the prevention and control of lead pollution. Methods A total of 1704 children aged 0-6 years were enrolled in Haishu, Yinzhou, Cixi and Fenghua cities for random determination of blood lead levels, related factors and lead determination. Results The average blood lead level was 54.2μg / L for children aged 0-6 years, 9.33% for those ≥100μg / L, significantly lower than 40.77% for the lead poisoning 5 years ago, the difference was significant (P <0.001). Blood lead levels were significantly different among children in different regions (P <0.01). Higher blood lead levels were associated with higher levels of lead in their environmental samples in Cixi. Passive smoking, regular drinking of pigmented beverages, not trimming nails three factors and children’s lead pollution levels were positively correlated. After 3 to 6 months of follow-up, 95% of children with mild lead poisoning only carried out propaganda of popular science on prevention of lead pollution. Without any drug intervention, blood lead levels dropped below 100 μg / L. Conclusion Ningbo City, after five years of efforts, children lead pollution control effect is obvious. Health education that uses unleaded gasoline and knowledge of lead pollution prevention and control for parents is an effective way to reduce blood lead levels in children.