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氨是形成可吸入颗粒物(PM2.5)的重要前体,采用国外排放因子的平均值作为排放因子,研究了北京市畜禽养殖业氨排放的分布特征。2012年北京畜禽养殖业产生的氨为4.43万t。顺义区排放量最多,占总排放量的20.4%;朝阳区仅养殖少量奶牛,海淀区养殖量少,门头沟区为北京生态涵养发展区,上述几个区氨排放量较低。顺义区排放强度最大,为8.9 t/km2,其后依次为大兴区、平谷区、密云县,而朝阳区、门头沟区、丰台区、海淀区排放强度较小,北京市平均氨排放强度为2.70 t/km2。肉鸡养殖是氨排放的最大贡献源,占总排放量的37.8%,养猪业次之,占37.3%。研究结果可为北京市氨及大气污染防治,尤其是霾天气治理提供科学依据。
Ammonia is an important precursor for the formation of PM2.5. Using the average of foreign emission factors as the emission factor, the distribution characteristics of ammonia emission in livestock and poultry farming in Beijing were studied. In 2012, the ammonia produced by Beijing livestock and poultry breeding industry was 44,300 tons. Shunyi District, the largest emissions, accounting for 20.4% of the total emissions; Chaoyang District, only a small number of dairy farming, Haidian District, less breeding, Mentougou Beijing Ecological Conservation Development Zone, the above several areas lower ammonia emissions. In Shunyi district, the discharge intensity was the largest at 8.9 t / km2, followed by Daxing District, Pinggu District and Miyun County, while the discharge intensity in Chaoyang District, Mentougou District, Fengtai District and Haidian District was relatively small, and the average emission intensity of ammonia in Beijing was 2.70 t / km2. Breeding chicken is the largest contributor to ammonia emissions, accounting for 37.8% of the total emissions, followed by pig breeding, accounting for 37.3%. The results can provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of ammonia and air pollution in Beijing, especially for the treatment of haze.