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目的分析内蒙古自治区赤峰市手足口病流行特征和病原谱变化,为采取有效的防控措施提供参考依据。方法收集国家疾病监测信息管理系统中2012年1月1日—2015年12月31日赤峰市上报的手足口病病历资料和病原学检测结果,分析手足口病的流行特征和病原谱变化情况。结果赤峰市2012—2015年共报告手足口病病例12 637例,年均发病率为72.74/10万,其中2012—2015年手足口病发病率分别为75.38/10万、59.32/10万、106.75/10万、49.43/10万,手足口病发病率较高且呈波浪式变化;发病时间主要集中在5—8月,4个月的手足口病发病例数为9 045例,占总发病例数的71.58%;发病年龄主要集中在1~6岁幼托和散居儿童,男女性别比为1.29:1;2012—2015年手足口病重症病例29例,占发病总数的0.23%,死亡2例,重症病例病死率为6.89%,全部病例病死率为0.02%;2012—2015年采集的2005份样本中,检出肠道病毒733份,阳性率为36.46%,其中EV71、Cox A16、其他肠道病毒分别占28.37%、21.28%、50.34%。Cox A16是2012年赤峰市优势病毒,EV71是2013年赤峰市优势病毒,2014、2015年则以其他肠道病毒为主要病原,赤峰市不同年份病原分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=225.841,P<0.05)。结论赤峰市手足口病发病率较高且呈波浪式变化,病原以EV71、Cox16和其他肠道病毒为优势病原交替流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic changes of HFMD in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide reference for effective prevention and control measures. Methods The data of hand, foot and mouth disease reported by Chifeng city from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015 were collected and the results of pathogen detection were collected. The prevalence of HFMD and the changes of pathogen spectrum were analyzed. Results A total of 12 637 cases of HFMD were reported in Chifeng from 2012 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 72.74 / 100 000. The incidence rates of HFMD in 2012-2015 were 75.38 / 100000, 59.32 / 100000, 106.75 / 100,000, 49.43 / 100,000, hand-foot-mouth disease higher incidence and wave-like changes; onset time is mainly concentrated in May-August, 4 months of hand-foot-mouth disease cases were 9,045 cases, accounting for the total 71.58% of the cases; the age of onset mainly concentrated in 1 to 6-year-old child care and diaspora, the male to female ratio was 1.29: 1; 2012-201529 cases of HFMD, accounting for 0.23% of the total number of cases, death 2 Cases of severe case fatality rate was 6.89%, case fatality rate was 0.02%; 2012-2015 collected 2005 samples of enterovirus 733, the positive rate was 36.46%, of which EV71, Cox A16, other Enterovirus accounted for 28.37%, 21.28%, 50.34% respectively. Cox A16 was the dominant virus in 2012 in Chifeng City, EV71 was the dominant virus in 2013 in Chifeng City, and other enteroviruses were the major pathogens in 2014 and 2015. The distribution of pathogens in different years in Chifeng City was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 225.841 , P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Chifeng City is high and fluctuates. The pathogens are predominantly EV71, Cox16 and other enteric viruses.