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以近年来通过福建省审(认)定的23个花生品种为材料,对株型、叶形、叶片大小、叶色、荚果形状、网纹粗细、网纹深浅、开花习性、种仁大小、种皮颜色和粒形共11个表型性状的Simpson遗传多样性指数(简称SI)和Shannon-Weaver遗传多样性指数(简称H’)进行了分析。结果表明:除开花习性、种皮颜色和种仁大小3个性状表现一致外,23个品种的遗传多样性指数分别为SI=0.506,H’=0.796,其中以荚果形状最低(SI=0.237,H’=0.387),以网纹粗细最高(SI=0.755,H’=1.335);从50对引物中筛选出9条多态性较好引物,共扩增出59条多态性条带,平均每对引物可扩增6.56条多态性条带,引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.746~0.957,平均值为0.88。23个品种间的遗传相似系数在0.225~0.818,平均为0.579。在相似系数0.55处可分为3个类群。系谱分析表明亲本来源相近的品种优先聚在一起,利用辐照诱变材料对于拓宽花生遗传基础发挥作用较明显。SSR分析结果基本上与系谱分析的结果相吻合。
In this paper, 23 varieties of peanut which were approved by Fujian Province in recent years were used as materials to study the effects of plant type, leaf shape, leaf size, leaf color, pod shape, net thickness, The Simpson genetic diversity index (SI) and Shannon-Weaver genetic diversity index (H ’) of eleven phenotypic traits of seed coat color and grain shape were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity indices of 23 cultivars were SI = 0.506 and H ’= 0.796, respectively, except for the flowering habits, the color of seed coat and the size of seed kernels. Among them, the pod shape was the lowest (SI = 0.237, H0 = 0.387), and the best one was the stripe size (SI = 0.755, H ’= 1.335). Ninety polymorphic primers were screened from 50 pairs of primers, 59 polymorphic bands were amplified, 6.56 polymorphic bands were amplified per primer pair. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of primer ranged from 0.746 to 0.957 with an average of 0.88. The genetic similarity coefficients of the three cultivars ranged from 0.225 to 0.818, The average is 0.579. The similarity coefficient of 0.55 can be divided into three groups. Pedigree analysis showed that the parents of similar species preferentially together, the use of radiation-induced mutagenesis materials to broaden the genetic basis of peanuts played a more obvious role. The results of SSR analysis basically coincide with the results of pedigree analysis.