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18周岁年龄节点在司法审判、移民、竞技体育中均有重大意义,18岁年龄推断是法医实践工作的难点之一,也是法医基础研究应面对的问题。目前常用的指标包括锁骨胸骨端、髂嵴、第三磨牙、四肢骨近关节端。18岁年龄推断的常用影像方法多样,包括平片、CT、超声、MRI,薄层CT是目前主要研究手段,但逐渐向无辐射的MRI发展。统计方法多采用一般描述性分析,但其统计效能低,因此逐渐有作者提出应用ROC、数据挖掘技术等高功效的统计方法推断年龄。既往研究显示上述指标的完全发育成熟在18岁年龄推断中有一定意义,可用于18岁年龄推断,多指标的联合应用及高功效的统计方法将会提高18岁年龄推断的准确性。
18-year-old age node in judicial adjudication, immigration, competitive sports are of great significance, 18-year-old presumption of forensic practice is one of the difficulties, but also forensic basic research should face the issue. Commonly used indicators include the clavicle sternal end, iliac crest, the third molars, extremities near the joint. 18-year-old inferred a variety of commonly used imaging methods, including plain film, CT, ultrasound, MRI, thin-layer CT is the main research methods, but gradually to non-radiative MRI development. Most statistical methods use general descriptive analysis, but their statistical performance is low. Therefore, some authors gradually come to the conclusion that age should be deduced using statistical methods such as ROC and data mining. Previous studies have shown that the above indicators fully mature maturity in the 18-year-old age inference has some significance, can be used to extrapolate the 18-year-old, multi-index combination and high efficiency of statistical methods will increase 18-year-old age inference accuracy.