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自然法思想从古希腊时期产生至现代已有两千多年的发展历程,在西方思想史上经久不衰,成为其政治、法律以及社会制度的基础。仔细梳理各个历史时期的自然法学中有关“自然”的含义,可以看出自古典自然法开始,自然的意义就主要用来指人的自然本性,与物质的自然世界脱离了联系。“自然”含义的演变反映了人们对待自然态度的变化,也揭示了法学对自然物质世界的疏忽和远离。现代法学对人与自然关系的调整、对自然物质世界的关注与重视在某种程度上正是对自然法学的尊重和对自然精神的复兴。在西方自然法思想的影响下,中国法学由主客二分的研究范式向主客一体的研究范式转化。
The thought of natural law, which developed from the ancient Greek period to the present, has been developed over two thousand years and lasted for a long time in the history of western thought, forming the basis of its political, legal and social systems. Carefully sort out the meaning of “natural ” in the natural jurisprudence of each historical period. From the beginning of classical natural law, we can see that the meaning of nature is mainly used to refer to the nature of man and to be disconnected from the natural world of matter. The evolution of the meaning of “nature” reflects the change of people’s attitude toward nature and the negligence and separation of jurisprudence from the natural material world. In modern jurisprudence, the adjustment of the relationship between man and nature and the concern and emphasis on the natural material world are to some extent the respect for natural law and the revival of the natural spirit. Under the influence of Western natural law thoughts, Chinese jurisprudence is transformed from a subjective subject-object paradigm to a subjective-object paradigm.