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为提高机床导轨的耐磨性能和工作寿命,应用激光表面改性技术对用于机床导轨的灰铸铁材料表面进行强化处理,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和显微硬度计分析了激光处理后的形貌、显微组织和显微硬度的变化,采用磨损量对比测试了激光处理表面和常规处理表面的耐磨性能。试验结果表明,激光处理后的横截面区域可分为熔凝区、相变区、热影响区和基体四部分。激光处理区表面硬度较常规处理(485~545 HV)有显著提高,最高达980 HV。当测试距离达到30000 m时,激光处理试样的耐磨性能较常规处理提高约1倍,这是激光处理区晶粒超细化,硬度提高和石墨球综合作用的结果。
In order to improve the wear resistance and working life of the machine tool guide rails, the surface of the gray cast iron used for the guide rails of the machine tool was reinforced by laser surface modification technology. The shape of the laser-processed steel was analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and microhardness tester Appearance, microstructure and microhardness of the laser-treated surface and the conventional treated surface were tested by comparison of wear volume. The experimental results show that the laser cross section can be divided into four parts: the melting zone, the phase transition zone, the heat affected zone and the substrate. The surface hardness of the laser processing zone is significantly higher than the conventional treatment (485 ~ 545 HV), up to 980 HV. When the test distance reaches 30000 m, the wear resistance of the laser-treated sample is about 1 times higher than that of the conventional treatment. This is the result of the grain refinement, hardness enhancement and graphite ball combined effect in the laser processing zone.