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现代政治霸权(领导权)的运作是拉克劳和墨菲、齐泽克等人关注的一个重要问题。这一问题主要围绕着政治霸权形成过程中的特殊性和普遍性问题而展开。拉克劳的政治霸权逻辑是建立在“空能指”概念的基础上。空能指、漂浮的能指和异质性概念是拉克劳建构政治霸权逻辑的核心概念。正是基于异质性概念,拉克劳将其政治霸权的逻辑定位于经验性和先验性的混合。然而,后马克思主义的另一位代表人物齐泽克则不赞同拉克劳的霸权逻辑建构,并将之视为后现代主义的一个变种,其本质上是在不触动现代资本主义经济和政治体制的情形下所展开的政治霸权的运作,因此它也面临着难以克服的困境,即漠视现代经济在霸权逻辑建构中的重要作用,进而导致了拉克劳的霸权逻辑是某种先验逻辑与现实政治相混合的准康德主义。拉克劳与齐泽克围绕着政治霸权所展开的普遍性与特殊性之争将有助于加深我们对后马克思主义和现代政治哲学的研究。
The operation of modern political hegemony (leadership) is an important issue of concern to Laclau and Murphy and Zizek. This issue mainly focuses on the particularity and universality of the formation of political hegemony. Laclau’s logic of political hegemony is based on the concept of “emptiness”. The notion of emptiness, the concept of emptiness and heterogeneity of floating are central concepts in Laclau’s construction of the logic of political hegemony. It is on the basis of the notion of heterogeneity that Laclauian positions the logic of his political hegemony as a mixture of empirical and a priori. However, Zizek, another representative of post-Marxism, does not agree with Laclau’s hegemonic logical construction and regards it as a variant of post-modernism, which essentially does not touch the modern capitalist economy and political system Therefore, it also faces an insurmountable dilemma of disregarding the important role of the modern economy in the construction of hegemony logic, which in turn leads to Laclau’s hegemonic logic as a kind of transcendental logic and reality Political mixed quasi-Kantianism. The debate over universality and particularity that surrounds Laclau and Zizek around political hegemony will help deepen our research on post-Marxism and modern political philosophy.