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间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是骨髓中具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的一种非造血干细胞,其免疫原性很低,在体外能抑制丝裂原或同种异基因抗原刺激的T细胞增殖。移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD)是异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,alloHSCT)后最主要的并发症,主要由供者T细胞所介导,是多种机制共同参与的复杂过程。在动物实验和临床试验中,MSCs具有较强的免疫调节作用,能显著抑制GVHD的发生,缓解其症状,提高受者的存活率;其机制为MSCs通过抑制T细胞的增殖,阻断DCs的分化和成熟,并通过增加CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的比例来提高干细胞移植的成功率,使GVHD造成的病理损伤明显减轻,从而达到预防和治疗GVHD的目的。相关研究为MSCs有效应用于GVHD等临床免疫性疾病治疗提供了理论指导,并展现出极大的应用前景。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a kind of non-hematopoietic stem cell with self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation potential in bone marrow, have low immunogenicity and can inhibit mitogen or alloantigen stimulation in vitro T cell proliferation. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is the most common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and is mainly mediated by donor T cells. It is a combination of mechanisms Participation in the complex process. In animal experiments and clinical trials, MSCs have a strong immunomodulatory effect, can significantly inhibit the occurrence of GVHD, relieve their symptoms and improve the survival rate of recipients; its mechanism for MSCs by inhibiting T cell proliferation, blocking DCs Differentiation and maturation, and improve the success rate of stem cell transplantation by increasing the proportion of CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells, so that the pathological damage caused by GVHD was significantly reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment of GVHD. Related research has provided theoretical guidance for the effective application of MSCs in the treatment of clinically immune diseases such as GVHD, and has shown great application prospect.