We demonstrate a novel high-accuracy post-fabrication trimming technique to fine-tune the phase of integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers, enabling permanent correction of typical fabrication-based phase errors. The effective index change of the optical
We investigate the optical response of silicon-based VxOy film for terahertz (THz) transmission. We find that absorption of the THz wave by the film can be controlled by laser excitation. Using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), we observe that the a