一、词汇过关
　　1. devote
　　【考纲释义】 vt. 投入;献身
　　The old lady devoted himself entirely to education career. 那位老人将一生奉献给了教育事业。
　　Sue devoted most of her time and energy to caring for the kids. 苏将绝大多数时间和精力都献身于照料孩子们。
　　【知识拓展】
　　devote (one’s life / time / energy / money / oneself) to (doing) sth...献身于;专心于
　　注意:该短语中to是介词,后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有:lead to(导致……); look forward to(盼望……);pay attention to (注意……); prefer…to(相比……更喜欢……); stick to (坚持……)。
　　be devoted to sth. / sb. / doing sth.致力于、贡献于。
　　devotion n.献身、贡献
　　2. reward
　　【考纲释义】 vt & n. 酬谢,给予报答;报酬,奖金
　　My father promised to reward me with a big chocolate.父亲承诺奖励我一块大巧克力。
　　He worked hard without much reward. 他工作很努力,但是报酬很少。
　　【知识拓展】
　　in reward (for...)作为(对……的)报酬、报答;give a reward to sb. for sth. 为……给某人报酬、赏金; reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……报答、奖赏某人; reward sb. with sth.用……报答、奖赏某人
　　词义辨析:
　　reward指回报,报酬award指获奖,奖励prize指奖励,奖金
　　3. equal
　　【考纲释义】 adj. 平等的;相等的v. 等于,和……相媲美n. 相当;平手
　　Women demand equal pay for equal work.女性要求同工同酬。
　　All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。
　　He equals me in strength but not in intelligence.他和我力气相当,但是智力不如我。
　　It’s a relief to find a boss who treats employees as equals.能碰到一个平等对待员工的老板真是令人欣慰。
　　【知识拓展】
　　be equal with 与……平等
　　be equal to 等于;相当于;胜任;经得起
　　I’m not equal to the position.我不能胜任这个职位。
　　They hoped that the black could be equal with the white.他们希望黑人和白人能够平等。
　　equalityn. 平等
　　equallyadv. 相等的,相同的
　　4. advise
　　【考纲释义】 vt. 建议
　　Mr. Smith advised us to practise oral English as often as possible. = Mr. Smith advised that we (should) practise oral English as often as possible.史密斯先生建议我们要尽可能地多练口语。
　　【知识拓展】
　　advise sb. on sth. 就……给某人出主意
　　n. / pron. 建议……
　　v. advise + sb. to do sth. 建议某人干……
　　advise (one’s) doing sth. 建议(某人)干……
　　advise (that) sb. (should) do
　　n. advice建议;意见(不可数名词)
　　a piece of advice一条建议
　　go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice向某人寻求建议;征询某人的意见
　　give advice to sb. on sth.就……对某人提供建议
　　follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice接受某人的建议
　　5. attack
　　【考纲释义】 n. 进攻,袭击,侵害 v. 攻击,进攻,发作
　　He died of a heart attack. 他死于心脏病发作。
　　She started attacking the burglar with a piece of wood.她开始用一块木头猛打进屋行窃的小偷。
　　【知识拓展】
　　be / come under attack 遭到袭击
　　make an attack on / against 攻击,袭击
　　attack sb. with sth.用……袭击
　　attack sb. for sth.因……袭击
　　Once again we came under attack for the firing of 50 employees. 公司因裁员50人而遭到猛烈抨击。
　　二、短语诠释
　　1. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
　　Though he failed many times, but he never lost heart. 他失败了许多次,但他并没有失去信心。
　　Whatever you do, you can’t lose heart. 不管你做什么,千万不要失去信心。
　　【知识拓展】
　　lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
　　lose one’s heart (to sb / sth) 爱上
　　lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱
　　lose one’s job 失业
　　lose one’s balance 失去平衡
　　lose one’s breath上气不接下气
　　lose one’s life 丧生; 遇害
　　2. out of work 失业, 出问题
　　Because of the finance crisis, she has been out of work for several months. 由于金融危机,她已经失业几个月了。
　　My cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought me a lot of inconvenience. 我的手机坏了好几天了,这给我带来了很多不便。
　　【知识拓展】
　　out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience不耐烦 out of use没用了 out of date 过时 out of order 次序颠倒;出故障 out of control失控out of danger脱离危险 out of shape变形 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。
　　3.in trouble 有麻烦,处于不幸中
　　He never came except when he was in trouble. 他从不来除非有麻烦时。
　　【知识拓展】
　　in work有工作in danger 处于危险中
　　in peace 和平状态in control控制中
　　in order 有序、整齐 in repair处于维修中 in prison坐牢have trouble in doing sth. / with sth.做某事有困难get in trouble陷入麻烦 make trouble惹麻烦
　　4. be willing to 愿意做某事
　　I’m willing to help you whenever you are in trouble. 无论何时你有麻烦,我都乐意帮你。
　　【知识拓展】
　　be unwilling to do sth.不愿做……
　　be ready for sth. / to do sth.愿意、准备好做某事
　　5. turn to 转向,求助于,致力于,翻到
　　He turned to the teacher for help at last.他最后向老师求助。
　　When he studied in college, he turned to the study of medicine.读大学后,他转向学习医学。
　　【知识拓展】
　　turn around 转身turn down 拒绝,调小
　　turn up调高,出现turn in 上交
　　turn on打开turn off 关掉
　　turn out结果是
　　三、句式详解
　　1. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.(第一次见到纳尔逊曼德拉的时候,是我一生中非常艰难的时期。)
　　该句含有一个when引导的定语从句,先行词为the time 在定语从句中充当时间状语,主句为the time was a very difficult period of my life.
　　I can’t remember the time when we first met. 我不记得第一次见面的时候了。
　　September 10 is the date when we celebrate Teachers’ Day in China. 九月十日在中国是庆祝教师节的日子。
　　2. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. (我们被置身于这样一种境地,或者是被迫承认我们低人一等,或者是与政府作斗争。)
　　这是一个复合句,in which引导定语从句,修饰先行词position,在定语从句中充当地点状语,这里可用where代替in which。类似的抽象名词还有situation, condition, point, stage, case等,作先行词时,可用where引导定语从句。例如:
　　This is the place in which / where he was born. 这是他出生的地方。
　　Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗?
　　Life is like a race in which / where people have to struggle. 人生像一段赛跑,人们都不得不去斗争。
　　3. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。)
　　该句为倒装句,当only修饰状语位于句首时,句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词,放在主语前。例如:
　　Only then did we realize the importance of self-study.只是在那时我们才认识到自学的重要性。
　　Only when he arrived did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.
　　当他到达的时候,父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他来说真是个令人吃惊的消息。
　　Only in this way can we reach our target.只有用这种方法我们才能实现我们的目标。
　　4. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利,阻挡我们的进步,一直到今天,我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。)
　　本句的主语为无生命的名词the last thirty years,谓语动词see意为“见证、目睹、经历”,相当于拟人用法,语言更为生动。
　　These great buildings saw the rapid development of our city. 这些建筑物见证了我们城市的发展。
　　The National Day saw the special moment that would never fade away from our memory. 国庆那天见证了特别的一刻,不会在我们记忆中褪色。
　　类似的用法还有:
　　Evening found Tom lying under a big tree at the riverbank. 傍晚汤姆躺在河边的一棵大树下。