目的了解铅接触作业工人膳食结构及营养状况,评价个体膳食模式,为营养干预提供依据。方法对涉铅工人进行半定量食物频率调查,用中国膳食平衡指数(DBI)和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》评价。结果 427名涉铅工人膳食结构中,果蔬、鱼虾和乳蛋类摄入不足,酒类、油脂和盐类摄入过量;用DBI模式评价,总人群膳食平均摄入量趋向不足。个体评价发现食物摄入量较理想,模式A和模式B占60.9%。结论营养摄入不足是涉铅作业工人膳食主要问题,应针对涉铅作业特点和不同性别,开展有针对性的平衡膳食指导。 Objective To understand the dietary structure and nutritional status of workers exposed to lead and evaluate individual dietary patterns to provide basis for nutrition intervention. Methods A semi-quantitative food frequency survey was conducted among lead-exposed workers and evaluated using the Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI) and Reference Intakes of Chinese Dietary Nutrients. Results Among 427 lead workers, dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, fish and shrimp, milk and eggs was inadequate, and excessive intake of alcohol, fat and salt was found. In the DBI model, the average dietary intake of the general population tended to be insufficient. Individual evaluation found that food intake is better, Mode A and Mode B accounted for 60.9%. Conclusions Insufficient nutritional intake is a major problem in the diet of workers exposed to lead. Targeted balanced dietary guidance should be carried out according to the characteristics of lead-related occupations and different genders.