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随着世界范围内肥胖症和2型糖尿病的流行，非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(NAFLD)的患病率正成比例增加。NAFLD包括非酒精性单纯性脂肪肝(NAFL)和非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)，NAFL演变为NASH的患者的总死亡率和肝脏特异性死亡率均增加，并增加了肝硬化，肝衰竭和肝细胞癌(HCC)的风险。最近，一种截短蛋白羟基类固醇17-β脱氢酶13(HSD17B13 rs72613567：T)突变体被证明可以保护个人免受慢性肝病的侵害以及与降低从肝炎向肝纤维化、肝癌的风险有关。本文主要针对近年来HSD17B13与NAFLD的相关的研究与可能涉及的遗传，危险因素，分子信号通路等可能的作用展开综述。“,”With the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes worldwide, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. NAFLD includes non-alcoholic pure fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic fatty hepatitis (NASH), Patients with NAFL evolving into NASH have increased overall mortality and liver-specific mortality and increased the risk of cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recently, a mutant of the hydroxysteroid 17β dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13 rs72613567: T) has been shown to protect people from chronic liver disease and reduce the risk of hepatitis from hepatitis to liver fibrosis and liver cancer. This paper mainly deals with the relevant research in HSD17B13 and NAFLD in recent years, and the possible effects of genetic, risk factors and molecular signaling pathways are reviewed.