私法上错误制度的理论基础为校正正义。错误制度的模型构建要实现保护弱势商谈方以及防止机会主义行为。错误制度对错误的程度要求重大而且对于错误方与非错误方均应当有要求,而且要规定错误制度排除适用的情况。PICC和PECL对此作出了恰当的回应。根据对错误制度的理解,应当对我国的重大误解制度进行改造,未来民法典对此要进行重新的立法设计。 The theoretical basis of the wrong system in private law is to correct justice. The construction of the model of the wrong system should realize the protection of vulnerable negotiators and the prevention of opportunistic behavior. The system of errors requires a great degree of error and should be required both for the wrong party and for the wrong party, and for the wrong system to be excluded. PICC and PECL responded appropriately. According to the understanding of the wrong system, we should reform our system of major misunderstandings, and in the future, the Civil Code should carry out a new legislative design.