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本文综合介绍了几种主要无损检测方法的原理、特点、国内外在铸件上的应用及发展。射线检验着重在提高灵敏度、适用于厚大和带内腔的铸件及快速显象。超声检验着重于适应铸件由于结晶粗大、表面毛糙和石墨使超声散射等问题及缺陷的测定。磁粉、涡流、渗透等检验着重在提高灵敏度、减轻劳动强度和适用于大型复杂件。总的发展趋向是:提高灵敏度,扩大在铸件上的应用,检测机械化、自动化及逐步用于对生产过程的监控。
This paper introduces the principle, characteristics of several main nondestructive testing methods, the application and development of castings at home and abroad. Radiographic testing focuses on increasing sensitivity for thick and lumen castings and rapid visualization. Ultrasonic testing focuses on the determination of defects and castings due to coarse crystals, rough surfaces, and ultrasonic scattering of graphite. Testing of magnetic particles, eddy currents, and permeation focuses on increasing sensitivity, reducing labor intensity and applying them to large, complex parts. The general trend of development is: to increase the sensitivity, to expand the application of castings, testing mechanization, automation and gradually used to monitor the production process.