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在静电学中,若规定带电体系的每一无限小部分彼此都相距无限远时静电能为零,则电荷连续分布带电体的静电能计算式有以下两种形式: W_e=integral from n=(Q)~(Udq) to (1) W_e=1/2 integral from n=(Q)~(Udq) (2) 由于(1)、(2)两式在形式上只相差一个系数1/2,而它们的结果又具有等价性,因此,两式中U代表的意义截然不同。正因为这样,在运用两式求解时易相互混淆,造成错误。本文就如何运用(1)、(2)两式求电荷连续分布带电体或体系的静电能结合实例加以说明。
In the field of electrostatics, the electrostatic energy can be calculated in the following two ways if each infinite part of the system is defined as being infinitely far from each other: W_e = integral from n = ( (2) Since the two equations (1) and (2) differ in form from each other only by a factor of 1/2, then Q = Udq to Wd = 1 / And their results have the same equivalence, so the meaning of U in the two formulas is quite different. Because of this, it is easy to be confused with each other when applying the two-type solution, resulting in mistakes. This article on how to use (1), (2) two types of charge distribution of charged bodies or systems with continuous electrostatic energy to illustrate the examples.