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语言学家倾向用树形图来更加直观地分析短语和句子的句法结构。受青年语法学派的影响,泰尼埃尔发展了依存语法,这是一种揭示句子内部深层次结构、多元对立的结构成分分析法;布龙菲尔德学习新语法学派的历史比较语言学,发展了直接成分分析法,这是一种基于表层句子形式的、二元对立的结构成分分析法。两种语言分析方法都能用树形图表示。笔者通过二者的语言划分方法、基本组成元素和层次体系等方面,试比较两者的异同。
Linguists tend to use tree diagrams to more intuitively analyze the syntactic structure of phrases and sentences. Under the influence of the young grammar school, Tirel developed the dependency grammar, which is a structural component analysis method that reveals the deep structure and pluralistic oppositions in sentences; Bloomfield studied the history comparative linguistics of the new grammar school and developed Direct component analysis, which is based on the surface of the sentence form, the binary opposition of the structural component analysis. Both methods of linguistic analysis can be represented graphically. The author tries to compare the similarities and differences between the two by means of language division, basic elements and hierarchy.