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目的通过描述不同职业性有害因素接触人群的慢性非传染性疾病(简称慢性病)患病现况,了解该人群存在的主要健康问题,为相关部门更好地进行预防及职业卫生服务等工作提供依据。方法在长春市内随机抽取一个区,收集所抽到的区内所有工业企业接触职业性有害因素的工人健康体检资料。结果 (1)在参加健康体检的1 954名不同接害因素职业人群中,共检出有异常信息的人数为411人,检出率为21.03%;慢性疾病检出率由高到低为高血压、脂肪肝、结核病、糖尿病和冠心病。(2)不同职业接害人群高血压、脂肪肝和结核病检出率差异存在统计学意义,均P<0.001。高血压和脂肪肝的检出率最高为职业接触苯人群;结核病检出率以职业接触二氧化硫人群最高;糖尿病检出率以职业接触汽油人群最高;冠心病检出率以职业接触粉尘人群最高。结论本市接触职业性有害因素人群的慢性病主要为高血压及脂肪肝,相关部门需引起重视。此外也应加强活动性结核、冠心病及糖尿病的预防及控制工作。
Objective To understand the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (referred to as chronic diseases) in contact with people with different occupational harmful factors, understand the main health problems in this population, and provide the basis for better prevention and occupational health services by relevant departments . Methods A random sampling area was set up in Changchun city to collect the information of workers’ health examination of all the industrial enterprises in the district who were exposed to occupational harmful factors. Results (1) Of the 1 954 occupation occupational groups with different occupational stressors who participated in the physical examination, 411 were found to have abnormal information and the detection rate was 21.03%. The detection rate of chronic diseases was high to low Blood pressure, fatty liver, tuberculosis, diabetes and coronary heart disease. (2) There were significant differences in the detection rates of hypertension, fatty liver and tuberculosis among different occupational groups, all P <0.001. The highest detection rate of hypertension and fatty liver was occupational exposure to benzene; the detection rate of TB was the highest in occupational exposure to sulfur dioxide; the detection rate of diabetes was the highest in occupational exposure to gasoline; the detection rate of coronary heart disease was the highest in occupational exposure to dust. Conclusion The main chronic diseases in the city exposed to occupational harmful factors are hypertension and fatty liver, and the relevant departments should pay attention to it. In addition, active tuberculosis, coronary heart disease and diabetes prevention and control should also be strengthened.